The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

Assenmacher, I

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-249403-1.50011-6

Cited by 95 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 317 publications

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“…In Figure 7-5 it can be seen that a storm in May 1980 at a study site in western Washington State resulted in a decline of ambient temperature for about eight days. In some instances, low environmental temperature is known to delay photoperiodically induced gonadal growth (Marshall 1949, Engels and Jenner 1956, Lofts and Murton 1966, Storey and Nicholls 1982 and in domesticated species resulted in a decline in reproductive function and an increase in adrenocortical activity (e.g., Assenmacher 1973, Edens and Siegel 1975, Huston 1975, Nir et al 1975, Etches 1976, despite the fact that in all of these experiments the subjects had free access to food. On the other hand, in the white-crowned sparrow, fed ad libitum.…”

Section: A Temperaturementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Increases in glucocorticosteroids are thought to mobilize energy reserves, especially protein, for combating stress during acclimation. Another common effect of stress is the decline of reproductive hormones such as LH, testosterone, and estradiol (see Assenmacher 1973, Wilson et al 1979, Etches et al 1984, Greenberg and Wingfield 1986.…”

Section: The Concept Of Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Reproductive Function of Free-Living Birds in Direct Response to Environmental Perturbations

Wingfield¹

1988

Proceedings in Life Sciences

125

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Section: A Temperaturementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: The Concept Of Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Reproductive Function of Free-Living Birds in Direct Response to Environmental Perturbations

Wingfield¹

1988

Proceedings in Life Sciences

125

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“…When poultry is exposed to heat stress, neurogenic system is activated to release catecholamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine (Siegel, 1980). Epinephrine has the most dominant role in altering metabolism (Assenmacher, 1973); it is related to changing body signal to impose kinase enzyme protein activation especially glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (Berne and Levy, 1990). Stress…”

Section: Quantification Of Gene Expression Of Heat Shock Protein 70 (mentioning

confidence: 99%

The expression of heat shock protein 70 gene with organic selenium supplementation and its effetc on productivity of broilers in tropical environment

Amizar

Suharti

Jakaria

et al. 2017

J. Indonesian Trop. Anim. Agric.

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ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh suplementasi selenium (Se) organik terhadap ekspresi gen heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), kadar malondialdehid (MDA) dan produktivitas ayam broiler yang dipelihara di lingkungan tropis. Tiga jenis kandang didesain dengan lingkungan yang berbeda dalam percobaan ini: kandang dengan lingkungan suhu yang nyaman menggunakan AC suhu 22 o C (R0), kandang lingkungan tropis (± 30 o C) tanpa Se organik (R1), dan kandang lingkungan tropis dilengkapi dengan 0.30 ppm Se organik (R2). Penelitian ini menggunakan 120 ekor broiler (unisex). Ada 40 ekor ayam/kandang setiap perlakuan. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat ulangan untuk setiap perlakuan. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan model linier umum program SAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok R0 dan R2 signifikan meningkatkan (P<0.05) konsumsi ransum, bobot badan, pertambahan bobot badan dan menurunkan konversi ransum dibandingkan dengan kelompok R1. Ekspresi gen HSP70, aktivitas enzim GSH-Px dan kadar MDA pada kelompok R2 dan R0 signifikan menurun (P<0.05) dibandingkan dengan kelompok R1. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah broiler yang diberikan 0.30 ppm Se organik di lingkungan tropis memiliki produktivitas dan ekspresi gen HSP 70 yang sama dengan broiler dipelihara di lingkungan yang nyaman.Kata Kunci: broiler, gen HSP70, lingkungan tropis, produktivitas, selenium organik. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this experiment is to study the effect of organic selenium (Se) supplementation on the expression of heat shock protein 70 gene (HSP70), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and productivity of broilers in tropical environment. Three kinds of environmental pens were designed in this experiment: comfortable environment pens with temperature of air conditioner adjusted at 22 o C (R0), tropical environment pens (±30 o C ) without organic Se (R1), and tropical environment pens supplemented with 0.30 ppm organic Se (R2). One hundred and twenty broiler chickens (unisex) were used in this study. There were 40 chicks per pen for each treatment. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications for each treatment. The data were statistically analyzed using the general linear model of SAS program. Results showed that R0 andThe Expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 Gene (R. Amizar et al.) 279 R2 groups had significantly increased (P<0.05) feed intake, body weight, body weight gain, and decreased feed conversion ratio compared to R1 groups. Meanwhile, the expression of HSP70, GSH-Px enzyme activity and MDA of R2 groups and R0 groups were significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of R1 groups. It was concluded that the broilers given 0.30 ppm organic Se in tropical environment had similar productivity and expression of HSP 70 with broilers kept in comfortable environment.

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“…Birds are known to secrete corticosterone in response to variable 'stressors' on a short-term basis [39], but also over longer time periods [40]. Since corticosterone has a marked influence on metabolism [41], it might have affected the sV O 2 of ducks. (2) Transmitter attachment might disrupt the plumage of ducks, which would leave them more prone to heat loss, especially when on water, elevating thermoregulatory costs.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two methods of radio transmitter attachment and their effects on the behavior and energetics of captive long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) during winter

et al. 2015

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Background: Attachment of external devices can have negative consequences for the health and fitness of subjects, but these effects are often overlooked. In preparation for a field study with small sea ducks, we investigated the effects of two types of external radio transmitter attachments on activity budgets and energetics of captive longtailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) during winter. Methods:We conducted behavioral observations on 15 ducks over 3 months and measured oxygen consumption rates while resting on water and during preening. Ducks were either sham handled ('Control') or had transmitters attached with subcutaneous anchors ('Prongs') or Tesa tape/sutures ('Tesa'). Results:Following transmitter attachment, the activity budgets of Prong and Tesa birds changed significantly, while Controls remained largely unchanged. Prong and Tesa birds reduced locomotor activity (−58 and −54 %, respectively) and the proportion of time spent in water (−48 and −35 %, respectively), while they concomitantly increased time allocated to maintenance behavior (+98 and +151 %, respectively). Tesa birds recovered from these changes over time, at least partially, but Prong birds did not. Also, two of the five Prong birds developed a bacterial infection that spread from the attachment site. Retention time of transmitters was significantly greater for the Prong attachments (4 of 5 tags were retained for the entire 59-day study) than the Tesa technique (26.0 ± 3.2 days). Energy metabolism of ducks resting on water did not change significantly after transmitter attachment. Preening, the primary maintenance behavior, increased oxygen consumption rates by ~70 % over resting. The greater allocation of time to maintenance behavior after transmitter attachment most likely increased daily energy expenditure in these ducks, although the concurrent reduction in locomotor activity might have mitigated this effect. Ducks in our study had food ad libitum and were able to reduce locomotion after transmitter attachment without compromising food intake and, hence, energy balance. In the wild, this strategy might not be viable. Conclusions: Given the short retention time, the tape-based attachment technique we applied is not suitable if monitoring periods greater than ~2 to 3 weeks are desired. Both methods resulted in significant behavioral changes with energetic consequences that should be considered when planning to attach external transmitters to small sea ducks in the wild.

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The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

Cited by 95 publications

References 317 publications

Changes in Reproductive Function of Free-Living Birds in Direct Response to Environmental Perturbations

Changes in Reproductive Function of Free-Living Birds in Direct Response to Environmental Perturbations

The expression of heat shock protein 70 gene with organic selenium supplementation and its effetc on productivity of broilers in tropical environment

Two methods of radio transmitter attachment and their effects on the behavior and energetics of captive long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) during winter

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