The Peripheral Arterial disease study (PERART/ARTPER): prevalence and risk factors in the general population

Abstract

BackgroundThe early diagnosis of atherosclerotic disease is essential for developing preventive strategies in populations at high risk and acting when the disease is still asymptomatic. A low ankle-arm index is a good marker of vascular events and may be diminished without presenting symptomatology (silent peripheral arterial disease). The aim of the study is to know the prevalence and associated risk factors of peripheral arterial disease in the general population.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional, multicentre, population-based study in 3786 individuals >49 years, randomly selected in 28 primary care centres in Barcelona (Spain). Peripheral arterial disease was evaluated using the ankle-arm index. Values < 0.9 were considered as peripheral arterial disease.ResultsThe prevalence (95% confidence interval) of peripheral arterial disease was 7.6% (6.7-8.4), (males 10.2% (9.2-11.2), females 5.3% (4.6-6.0); p < 0.001).Multivariate analysis showed the following risk factors: male sex [odds ratio (OR) 1.62; 95% confidence interval 1.01-2.59]; age OR 2.00 per 10 years (1.64-2.44); inability to perform physical activity [OR 1.77 (1.17-2.68) for mild limitation to OR 7.08 (2.61-19.16) for breathless performing any activity]; smoking [OR 2.19 (1.34-3.58) for former smokers and OR 3.83 (2.23-6.58) for current smokers]; hypertension OR 1.85 (1.29-2.65); diabetes OR 2.01 (1.42-2.83); previous cardiovascular disease OR 2.19 (1.52-3.15); hypercholesterolemia OR 1.55 (1.11-2.18); hypertriglyceridemia OR 1.55 (1.10-2.19). Body mass index ≥25 Kg/m2 OR 0.57 (0.38-0.87) and walking >7 hours/week OR 0.67 (0.49-0.94) were found as protector factors.ConclusionsThe prevalence of peripheral arterial disease is low, higher in males and increases with age in both sexes. In addition to previously described risk factors we found a protector effect in physical exercise and overweight.

Peripheral Arterial Insufficiency: A Study of Prevalence and Factors Associated with Complications in Baja California Sur

“…With data obtained, prevalence of peripheral arterial insufficiency was 6.26% which is similar to reported by Alzamora et al in Spain (2010) with a prevalence of 7.6% [8] and Aguilar et al (2007) who report a prevalence of 3 to 10% in Mexico [2]. Our research agrees with Gutiérrez et al (2014) in factors associated with presence of PAI (smoking and dyslipidemia) [1].…”

The devil is in the detail: Prevention of diabetic foot ulceration in rural area is possible

“…Nicotine and physical inactivity are well-known risk factors for peripheral arterial disease and diabetic foot [5,18]. However, nearly half the participants in this study were current smokers and more than two thirds did not exercise regularly.…”

“…A low ABPI is a good marker of vascular disease such as peripheral arterial disease, coronary heart disease, stroke or death [4]. ABPI values have been classified as >0.9 normal and <0.89 abnormal [5].…”

PAD prevalence in Russian Federation

“…[5] 2248 Старше 15 2,4 R. Ramos и соавт. [12] 62662 35-79 4,5 0,62 ESTIME Study [6] 1324 55-84 8,03 6,0 The peripheral arterial disease study (PERART/ARTPER) [4] 3786 Старше 49 7,6…”