The perimenopause and contraception

Perimenopausal contraception in Turkish women: A cross-sectional study

“…In developing countries, these risks are compounded by high number of pregnancies and poor medical care. A recent survey reported that in the United States, 41% of pregnancies in women between ages 35 and 39 years and 51% of pregnancies in women at ages 40 years and older are unintended [2,3,5,10,11]. According to the TDHS data, 12% of pregnancies in women occur between ages 40 and 44 and 2% of pregnancies in women occur between ages 45 and 49 in Turkey.…”

“…The maternal mortality rate in women in their forties is four times higher than that among women in their twenties and the rates of spontaneous abortion are also doubled in the forties group [3,5,7,9,10]. …”

Global Aging: Implications for Women and Women's Health

“…Women remain fertile until and beyond cessation of regular menses, and physical changes dictate different contraceptive choices. Approximately 10% of amenorrheic women over the age of 45 will subsequently menstruate and ovulate (Shabaan, 1996). Low-dose oral contraceptives (OCs) may be a good choice for healthy, nonsmoking, menopausal women without risk factors for cardiovascular disease, because OCs may reduce hot flashes and irregular menstruation (Burkman, 2001).…”

Contraceptive choice and patient compliance The health care provider's challenge

“…Its use for postcoital contraception outside of research protocols has not been approved but has shown promising results in England (39–41). The perimenopausal woman offers other challenges, and new contraceptive research is directed toward this group (43–45); a promising new contraceptive for these women uses natural estradiol to prevent pregnancy (43). Another interesting focus in contraceptive research is on spermicidal microbicides (10,41) that may give the user more STD protection.…”