“…Likewise, the curriculum, including curriculum review, training systems, and evaluation techniques, must be established in line with global development needs, particularly the industrial revolution, and technology (Astuti et al, 2020;Tungpalan & Antalan, 2021). A research-based education policy would also emphasize changing classroom practice, assisting in validating curriculum and teaching models through extensive staff development, recognizing the significance of local context, developing strong relationships with families and communities, and increasing school capacity to improve (Schmidt, 2017). However, some teachers emphasize assessment activities rather than intended learning outcomes, awarding learners scores primarily on how well they execute the assigned tasks (Biggs & Tang, 2007).…”