The performance of various testing columns in small‐scale horizontal burning studies

Wharton, R. K.

doi:10.1002/fam.810080402

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…10% found for reproducibility in the new horizontal test apparatus [1] may actually be a reflection of a lack of consistency in the composition of the test atmosphere. The larger errors detected with combustion experiments using mixtures containing high proportions of oxygen [1] are in keeping with previously reported observations [7].…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

“…Although our work with horizontal columns was not as extensive as with vertical columns, it was again apparent that both gas composition and velocity can influence the degree of entrainment [7]. We demonstrated that an open-ended column of the type used by Vanspeybroeck et al exhibits significantly more entrainment of the external atmosphere than a restricted outlet column of equivalent diameter.…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

“…It was with this background that we initiated studies to investigate the performance of horizontal test columns. The work took as its starting point the paper by Sevecek et al [6], and our data from an extensive range of tests with different types of columns were reported in 1984 [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Based on this information, we also designed and validated a new type of test apparatus for small scale horizontal burning studies [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comment on "Horizontal Burn Test at Different Oxygen Levels"

Wharton

1992

Journal of Fire Sciences

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supporting

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 77%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Based on this information, we also designed and validated a new type of test apparatus for small scale horizontal burning studies [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comment on "Horizontal Burn Test at Different Oxygen Levels"

Wharton

1992

Journal of Fire Sciences

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“…These two last quantities depend on the effective heat transfer coefficient h c . This dependence on the heat transfer coefficient explains the variation of the LOI with the sample dimensions [17], the gas velocity [18] or the equipment dimensions [19,20] and the difficulty to relate LOI to intermediate-and large-scale fires.…”

Section: Determination Of Loimentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of the Limiting Oxygen Index Using Simple Flame Extinction Theory and Material Properties Obtained from Bench Scale Measurements

Suzanne¹,

Delichatsios²,

Zhang³

2011

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 10th International Sym

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The limited oxygen index (LOI) test is a small-scale test for characterising the flammability tendency of materials ignited with a small candle-like diffusion flame. It involves determination of the minimum oxygen volume concentration in an oxygen/nitrogen mixture required to just support the downward burning on a vertically mounted test specimen. Over the last decades, much effort has been devoted to developing correlations between the LOI of a material with its chemical or physical properties. However these correlations were deduced based mainly on empirical fitting, and as a result they cannot be related to the fundamental properties of the material. In this work, we present a novel approach based on simple extinction theory to predict the LOI of materials using their flammability properties measured in smallscale tests (i.e. TGA, DSC and the cone calorimeter). The present method is first applied to five polymers and the predicted LOI values in general agree with the measurements. Subsequently, the model is extended to examine the effects of the initial sample temperature and external heat flux on the LOI of a PMMA, PS and POM in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.

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Oxygen index: Correlations to other fire tests

Weil¹,

Patel²,

Said³

et al. 1992

Fire and Materials

157

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An investigation has been carried out of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test. A review of the literature shows that, although there is abundant information on the test, it is not clear that its results correlate well with those of any other test, or indeed with those of real fires. Theoretical considerations indicate that the test could be improved by using it with bottom ignition rather than with the standard top ignition. A number of materials were tested in the cone calorimeter and in the LOI, and various correlations were attempted. In general, correlations between some of the cone calorimeter properties measured and the inverse of the LO1 made sense. These correlations were not, however, sufficiently sensitive, even when investigating small effects on a single base polymer system, to justify using the LO1 as a proxy for the cone in any way. The LO1 is likely to continue to be used extensively. This work suggests that quality control and, possibly, mechanistic or other flame-retardant additive studies, are its only applications where the results can be justified.

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The performance of various testing columns in small‐scale horizontal burning studies

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Comment on "Horizontal Burn Test at Different Oxygen Levels"

Comment on "Horizontal Burn Test at Different Oxygen Levels"

Prediction of the Limiting Oxygen Index Using Simple Flame Extinction Theory and Material Properties Obtained from Bench Scale Measurements

Oxygen index: Correlations to other fire tests

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