The performance of photomultipliers exposed to helium

Incandela, J.; Ahlen, S. P.; Beatty, J. J.; Ciocio, A.; Felcini, M.; Ficenec, D.; Hazen, E.; Levin, D.; Marín, A.; Stone, J. L.; Sulak, L.; Worstell, W.

doi:10.1016/0168-9002(88)90885-6

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Therefore, in order to keep the operating voltage within an acceptable range, it was proposed to replace TFE with a binary mixture, made either of HFO-1234ze and CO 2 , or HFO-1234ze and He. However, He cannot be used at collider experiments, for problems it might cause to photomultipliers in some other experimental subsystems (see, for instance, [6] [7]), therefore the studies concentrated mainly on mixtures made out of HFO-1234ze and CO 2 , in various percentages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary results of Resistive Plate Chambers operated with eco-friendly gas mixtures for application in the CMS experiment

et al. 2016

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The operations of Resistive Plate Chambers in LHC experiments require Fluorine based (Fbased) gases for optimal performance. Recent European regulations demand the use of environmentally unfriendly F-based gases to be limited or banned. In view of the CMS experiment upgrade, several tests are ongoing to measure the performance of the detector with these new ecological gas mixtures, in terms of efficiency, streamer probability, induced charge and time resolution. Prototype chambers with readout pads and with the standard CMS electronic setup are under test. In this paper preliminary results on performance of RPCs operated with a potential eco-friendly gas candidate 1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene, commercially known as HFO-1234ze, with CO 2 and CF 3 I based gas mixtures are presented and discussed for the possible application in the CMS experiment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary results of Resistive Plate Chambers operated with eco-friendly gas mixtures for application in the CMS experiment

et al. 2016

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“…In summary, the prospects for observing echoes are promising, and they improve with shower energy. Doing so may require changes in detector design or in PMT technology [78,79]; these considerations may shape the design of IceCube-Gen2 [50], KM3NeT [80,81], and Baikal-GVD [82]. With multiple nearby PMTs [50,81,83], it may be possible to reconstruct individual events, dramatically improving background rejection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Echo Technique to Distinguish Flavors of Astrophysical Neutrinos

Bustamante

Beacom

2019

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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The flavor composition of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos is a rich observable. However, present analyses cannot effectively distinguish particle showers induced by νe versus ντ . We show that this can be accomplished by measuring the intensities of the delayed, collective light emission from muon decays and neutron captures, which are, on average, greater for ντ than for νe. This new technique would significantly improve tests of the nature of astrophysical sources and of neutrino properties. We discuss the promising prospects for implementing it in IceCube and other detectors.

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“…Helium is also a viable option as the light mass target species, as it would not have the signal quenching properties of H 2 , but its spin-dependent sensitivity would be comparatively poor. Introduction of helium into the detector might not be suitable if PMTs are used as a photosensor due to its ability to diffuse into and degrade the PMT vacuum [532], but could be considered if SiPMs are used instead of PMTs.…”

Section: Hydrogen Dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A next-generation liquid xenon observatory for dark matter and neutrino physics

Aalbers

AbdusSalam

Abe

et al. 2022

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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The nature of dark matter and properties of neutrinos are among the most pressing issues in contemporary particle physics. The dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber is the leading technology to cover the available parameter space for weakly interacting massive particles, while featuring extensive sensitivity to many alternative dark matter candidates. These detectors can also study neutrinos through neutrinoless double-beta decay and through a variety of astrophysical sources. A next-generation xenon-based detector will therefore be a true multi-purpose observatory to significantly advance particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, solar physics, and cosmology. This review article presents the science cases for such a detector.

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The performance of photomultipliers exposed to helium

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Preliminary results of Resistive Plate Chambers operated with eco-friendly gas mixtures for application in the CMS experiment

Preliminary results of Resistive Plate Chambers operated with eco-friendly gas mixtures for application in the CMS experiment

Echo Technique to Distinguish Flavors of Astrophysical Neutrinos

A next-generation liquid xenon observatory for dark matter and neutrino physics

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