The performance of Cu2+ as dissolved cathodic electron-shuttle mediator for Cr6+ reduction in the microbial fuel cell

Abstract

The study investigates the performance of Cu2+ as dissolved cathodic electron-shuttle mediator (dcESM) for simultaneous Cr6+ reduction and electricity generation in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) at pH 2 and 4 conditions. The dcESM behavior of Cu2+ on carbon cloth (CC) catalyzes the reduction of Cr6+ into Cr3+ at pH 2 by undergoing redox reactions. However, at pH 4, a simultaneous reduction of Cu2+ and Cr6+ was observed. Cyclic voltammetry studies were performed at pH 2 and 4 to probe the dcESM behavior of Cu2+ for Cr6+ reduction on CC electrode. Also, at pH 2, increasing the concentration of Cu2+ from 50 to 500 mg L-1 favors the Cr6+ reduction by reducing the reaction time from 108 to 48 h and improving the current production from 3.9 to 6.2 mA m-2, respectively. Nevertheless, at pH 4, the efficacy of Cr6+ reduction and electricity generation from MFC is decreased from 63 to 18% and 4.4 to 1.1 mA m-2, respectively, by increasing the Cu2+ concentration from 50 to 500 mg L-1. Furthermore, the performance of dcESM behavior of Cu2+ was explored on carbon felt (CF) and platinum (Pt) electrodes, and compare the results with CC. In MFC, at pH 2, with an initial concentration of 100 mg L-1, the reduction of Cr6+ in 60 h is 9.6 mg L-1 for CC, 0.2 mg L-1 for CF, and 51.3 mg L-1 for Pt cathodes. The reduction of Cr6+ (initial concentration of 100 mg L-1) at pH 4 in 120 h is 44.7 mg L-1 for CC, 32.1 mg L-1 for CF, and 70.9 mg L-1 for Pt cathodes. Maximum power densities of 1659, 1509, and 1284 mW m-2 were achieved when CF, CC, and Pt, respectively were employed as cathodes in the MFC.

Enhanced photocatalytic removal of nitric oxide over Ag-decorated ZnSn(OH)6 microcubes

“…The metal decoration is one of the best ways to enhance the photocatalytic performance of the materials thank to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect [22,23]. Herein, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are well-known as a good combination with other semiconductors due to their excellent chemical and conductivity properties [24], which can reduce their bandgap and thereby improve photocatalytic efficiency. The SPR effect from Ag NPS enhances the lifetime of electron and hole pairs by accelerating the transfer of electrons on the surface of the materials.…”