Abstract:A chitosan/gelatin composite microsphere (CGMS) adsorbent prepared by inverse suspension was used as a reactive dye washing agent. Techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and atomic force microscopy facilitated the evaluation of the materials. A series of experiments were conducted to assess the effect of variables, i.e. initial pH, temperature, microsphere dosage, and contact time. The wash‐off effectiveness increased with increase in temperature and decrease in pH. Result… Show more
“…However, the chitosan/gelatin mixture did not show any crystalline peaks, indicating the amorphous structures of chitosan and gelatin. This result also exhibited that the chitosan and gelatin were mixed well, forming the composite [ 70 ]. The intensity of the diffraction patterns for CS-Gel cross-linked by NDASs decreases with an increasing amount of cross-linking agent.…”
In recent years, new cross-linkers from renewable resources have been sought to replace toxic synthetic compounds of this type. One of the most popular synthetic cross-linking agents used for biomedical applications is glutaraldehyde. However, the unreacted cross-linker can be released from the materials and cause cytotoxic effects. In the present work, dialdehyde starch nanocrystals (NDASs) were obtained from this polysaccharide nanocrystal form as an alternative to commonly used cross-linking agents. Then, 5−15% NDASs were used for chemical cross-linking of native chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), and a mixture of these two biopolymers (CS-Gel) via Schiff base reaction. The obtained materials, forming thin films, were characterized by ATR-FTIR, SEM, and XRD analysis. Thermal and mechanical properties were determined by TGA analysis and tensile testing. Moreover, all cross-linked biopolymers were also characterized by hydrophilic character, swelling ability, and protein absorption. The toxicity of obtained materials was tested using the Microtox test. Dialdehyde starch nanocrystals appear as a beneficial plant-derived cross-linking agent that allows obtaining cross-linked biopolymer materials with properties desirable for biomedical applications.
“…However, the chitosan/gelatin mixture did not show any crystalline peaks, indicating the amorphous structures of chitosan and gelatin. This result also exhibited that the chitosan and gelatin were mixed well, forming the composite [ 70 ]. The intensity of the diffraction patterns for CS-Gel cross-linked by NDASs decreases with an increasing amount of cross-linking agent.…”
In recent years, new cross-linkers from renewable resources have been sought to replace toxic synthetic compounds of this type. One of the most popular synthetic cross-linking agents used for biomedical applications is glutaraldehyde. However, the unreacted cross-linker can be released from the materials and cause cytotoxic effects. In the present work, dialdehyde starch nanocrystals (NDASs) were obtained from this polysaccharide nanocrystal form as an alternative to commonly used cross-linking agents. Then, 5−15% NDASs were used for chemical cross-linking of native chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), and a mixture of these two biopolymers (CS-Gel) via Schiff base reaction. The obtained materials, forming thin films, were characterized by ATR-FTIR, SEM, and XRD analysis. Thermal and mechanical properties were determined by TGA analysis and tensile testing. Moreover, all cross-linked biopolymers were also characterized by hydrophilic character, swelling ability, and protein absorption. The toxicity of obtained materials was tested using the Microtox test. Dialdehyde starch nanocrystals appear as a beneficial plant-derived cross-linking agent that allows obtaining cross-linked biopolymer materials with properties desirable for biomedical applications.
“…A weakened intensity peak was clearly seen in LC, indicating a destructed crystalline structure compared to lignin. It meant that the phenolate ion (−O – ) on lignin chelating with free Ca 2+ ions generated lignin-calcium along with an aneretic degree of crystallinity, which may provide accessibility of MB diffusion into its inner structure …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It meant that the phenolate ion (−O − ) on lignin chelating with free Ca 2+ ions generated lignincalcium along with an aneretic degree of crystallinity, which may provide accessibility of MB diffusion into its inner structure. 26 N 2 adsorption−desorption isotherms are exhibited in Figure 1c. Hysteresis curves of LC suggested a mesoporous structure.…”
A novel adsorbent
lignin-calcium was fabricated by a simple flocculation–sedimentation
approach to remove methylene blue. The structure and morphology of
the well-prepared sample were analyzed by multiple characterization
methods. Lignin-calcium microspheres demonstrated a mesoporous and
inserted layer structure with a coarse surface. Methylene blue (MB)
adsorption by lignin-calcium complied with the Langmuir model, showing
a maximum adsorption amount of 803.9 mg/g, exceeding that reported
in the literature by 3–22-fold. The adsorption kinetics matched
the pseudo-second-order model well. The pore volume diffusion model
was technically applied to evaluate the mass transfer mechanisms.
The effective pore volume diffusion coefficient was 6.28 × 10–12 m2/s. Furthermore, lignin-calcium exhibited
excellent adsorbability for methylene blue across a pH range from
3 to 11 and could be regenerated by hydrochloric acid with an elution
efficiency of 62.44%. Multiple mechanisms may support the adsorption.
Altogether, the tailor-made lignin-calcium is promising as an efficient
and sustainable adsorbent for scavenging cationic dyes from dyestuff
effluent.
“…Some studies have focused on reduction of water consumption in the textile wash-off process. Special chemicals have been developed to improve rinsing efficiency, such as dosing functional polymers that can inhibit dye transfer [21] or adding micro-absorbents [22] in rinsing baths to remove residual dyes. These technologies mainly focus on reducing dye concentration in the rinsing bath to improve its cleaning capacity and reducing the number of rinsing baths to save water.…”
The textile wash-off process consumes substantial amounts of water, which generates large volumes of wastewater that pose potential pollution issues for the environment. In the present study, catalytic ozonation was applied to degrade residual dyes present in rinsing effluents from wash-off processes towards the aim of recycling the waste effluents. A magnetic catalyst was prepared for promoting dye degradation by catalytic ozonation. Via a hydrothermal reaction, highly magnetic manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) particles were successfully loaded on carbon aerogel (CA) materials (MnFe2O4@CA). The results showed that the developed catalyst strikingly promoted the degradation of dye contaminants by catalytic ozonation, in terms of color removal and reduction of chemical oxidation demand (COD) in rinsing effluents. COD removal efficiency in catalytic ozonation was enhanced by 25% when compared with that achieved by ozonation alone under the same treatment conditions. Moreover, we confirmed that after catalytic ozonation, the rinsing effluents could be recycled to replace fresh water without any evident compromise in the color quality of fabrics. The color difference (ΔEcmc(2:1)) between fabrics treated with recycled effluents and water was not more than 1.0, suggesting that the fabrics treated with recycled effluents displayed acceptable color reproducibility. Although colorfastness and color evenness of fabrics treated with recycled effluents were slightly poorer than those of fabrics treated with water, they were still within the acceptable tolerance. Therefore, the present study validated that catalytic ozonation was a promising technology for saving water and wastewater elimination in textile dyeing. It provides a feasibility assessment of catalytic ozonation for recycling waste effluents to reduce water dependence in textile production. Furthermore, we show a new perspective in on-site recycling waste effluents by catalytic ozonation and enrich the knowledge on feasible approaches for water management in textile production.
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