The percutaneous fate of the rodenticide flocoumafen in the rat: Role of non-biliary intestinal excretion

Huckle, Keith R.; Morrison, Brian J.; Warburton, Paul A.

doi:10.3109/00498258909034677

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In these reports, systemic effects (coagulopathies, occasionally with fatal outcome) were described, and skin was considered as a portal of entry of anticoagulants into systemic circulation. Percutaneous absorption studies revealed that around 12% of the applied dose of a second-generation hydroxycoumarin, flocoumafen, remained in the skin of rats for up to 7 days (Huckle et al, 1989), and a significant amount of coumarin remained in human and rodent skin for 72 h following its in vitro application (Beckley-Kartey et al, 1997). These data implicate the skin as a place where these agents might linger and possibly exert their effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Dermatotoxicity of epicutaneously applied anticoagulant warfarin

et al. 2005

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Dermatotoxicity of epicutaneously applied anticoagulant warfarin

et al. 2005

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“…However, there are no published estimates of the hepatic half-life of BR or FL in possums. Hepatic half-life estimates available for Norway rats, 170 days for BR (Parmar et al 1987) and 220 days for FL (Huckle et al 1989), suggested both SGARs may also have a relatively prolonged persistence in possum liver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefully Persistent? Anticoagulants as Quantitative Markers of Bait Uptake in Brushtail Possums

Fisher¹,

Brown²,

Warburton³

et al. 2016

vertebrate_pest_conference

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Prolonged persistence of second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs) in animal tissues facilitates trophic transfer of residues, with exposure of predatory and scavenging non-target wildlife now widely reported. In many instances, anticoagulant residue levels measured in wildlife are apparently sublethal, although longer-term effects of such exposures are currently not well understood. Conversely, prolonged metabolic persistence is of practical utility when compounds are used as biological markers to determine food uptake by animals. We required two effective and distinct marker compounds to progress field-based research on optimal baiting strategies to manage introduced brushtail possums in New Zealand. Two SGARs (flocoumafen and bromadiolone) were evaluated, as neither are currently registered for application as rodenticides in areas typically subject to possum management. All captive possums ingesting small, sublethal (2-6 g) quantities of food containing 0.0005% (by weight) of either SGAR were reliably marked by the presence of residual concentrations in liver as measured by HPLC analysis. This marking persisted for at least six weeks, and liver concentrations in marked possums did not decline between three and six weeks after the marker was ingested. Marking was also quantitative for both SGARs with a correlation between liver residue concentration and the amount of marker ingested. Using such marker baits would provide at least a six-week period in which to recover possums in field research. By recording bodyweight and testing liver samples from such possums for both markers, regression equations generated from the work reported here will enable back-estimation, with confidence intervals, of the amounts of marker bait eaten by each possum.

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“…Metabolic fate studies conducted in rodents (Huckle et al 1988(Huckle et al , 1989a(Huckle et al , 1989b and non-rodent species (Huckle et al 1989c) show that ftocoumafen is absorbed and is extensively distributed within the body, accumulating appreciably in the liver. The hepatic ftocoumafen residue exhibits a long half life in rodents (in rats 220 days) and fowl and is not readily metabolised.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%