The perchlorate discharge test for examining thyroid function in rats

Atterwill, C.K.; Collins, Peter; Brown, C.G.; Harland, Rachel F.

doi:10.1016/0160-5402(87)90070-2

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Bercz et al (4) reported a concentration-dependent decrease in thyroxine (T 4 ) levels in African green monkeys exposed to ClO 2 in drinking water. A statistically signi cant decrease in T 4 levels occurred after 4 weeks of exposure to 0.1 g/L (9 mg/kg/day) ClO 2 , but changes in T 4 levels did not occur when the animals were exposed to 0.4 g/L (60 mg/kg/day) of NaClO 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Hormone and histological alterations may re ect a transient physiologica l response of the thyroid to exposure to NaClO 3 . Hormone levels may return to normal because of a homeostatic compensatory increase in cell proliferation with subsequent thyroid hormone production.…”

Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thyroid hormone synthesis is inhibited resulting in deceased levels of T 3 and T 4 , increased TSH levels, and stimulation of thyroid cell proliferation. In addition, some data suggest that perchlorate causes a release of accumulated iodide from the gland (3,41). Similarities in thyroid histopathology between perchlorate and chlorate exposure suggest that chlorate may interfere with iodide uptake as well, resulting in stimulation of thyroid follicular cell proliferation mediated by TSH secondary to decreases in T 3 and T 4 .…”

Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, McCauley et al (31) conducted a subchronic (90-day) study on NaClO 3 in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were exposed to 250, 1,001, 250…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subchronic Sodium Chlorate Exposure in Drinking Water Results in a Concentration-Dependent Increase in Rat Thyroid Follicular Cell Hyperplasia

et al. 2001

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Chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) is an effective drinking water disinfectant, but sodium chlorate (NaClO 3 ) has been identi ed as a potentially harmful disinfection by-product . Studies were performed to describe the developmen t of thyroid lesions in animals exposed to NaClO 3 in the drinking water. Male and female F344 rats and B6C3F 1 mice were exposed to 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/L NaClO 3 for 21 days. Additional male F344 rats were exposed to 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, or 2.0 g/L NaClO 3 for 90 days. Female F344 rats were exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, or 6.0 g/L of NaClO 3 for 105 days. Thyroid tissues were processed by routine methods for light microscopi c examination, and follicular cell hyperplasia was diagnosed using a novel method. Thyroid hormone levels were altered signi cantly after 4 and 21 days. NaClO 3 treatment induced a concentration-dependen t increase in the incidence and severity of thyroid follicular cell hyperplasia. Male rats are more sensitive to the effects of NaClO 3 treatment than females. Follicular cell hyperplasi a was not present in male or female B6C3F 1 mice. These data can be used to estimate the human health risk that would be associated with using ClO 2 , rather than chlorine, to disinfect drinking water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, McCauley et al (31) conducted a subchronic (90-day) study on NaClO 3 in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were exposed to 250, 1,001, 250…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subchronic Sodium Chlorate Exposure in Drinking Water Results in a Concentration-Dependent Increase in Rat Thyroid Follicular Cell Hyperplasia

et al. 2001

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“…Others have been able to trace iodide uptake and discharge in mice directly using gamma probes (45). Potassium perchlorate (KClO 4 ) has been used in rats 6-18 hours following injection of 125 I and shown to reduce the 125 I thyroid/blood ratio when thyroid peroxidase is inhibited (51,52). 124 I positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT) has been used rarely to evaluate uptake and discharge of iodide in rodent thyroids in vivo (53).…”

Section: And Recommendation 3amentioning

confidence: 99%

American Thyroid Association Guide to Investigating Thyroid Hormone Economy and Action in Rodent and Cell Models

Bianco

Anderson

Forrest

et al. 2014

Thyroid

173

106

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Clinical Chemistry in Toxicity Testing: Scope and Methods

Gosselin

Ramaiah

Earl

2009

General, Applied and Systems Toxicology

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Noncellular blood compartment (plasma or serum) and urine biochemical components are important indicators of overall animal health and can be used in conjunction with other parameters to investigate the toxicity of drugs and chemicals. This chapter describes the measurement and interpretation of clinical chemistry tests employed in toxicology studies in commonly used laboratory species. The introductory sections delineate methods for sample collection and data generation, and provide a general approach for data interpretation and reporting, with emphasis on distinguishing pre‐analytical/analytical variations from test material‐related changes. The following sections are organized by organ system, describing core clinical chemistry tests used in routine toxicology studies. These include protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms, liver and kidney functions and electrolyte balance. Nonroutine tests evaluating cardiac and skeletal muscle, bone, blood vessels, the endocrine system, the nervous system are also presented. Because few clinical chemistry parameters are specific indicators of single organ toxicity, each section emphasizes the integrated interpretation of biochemistry changes with other study endpoints such as clinical signs, food consumption and bodyweight, haematology, electrocardiography, blood pressure and histopathology. Patterns of change are presented in the context of identifying organ toxicity.

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The perchlorate discharge test for examining thyroid function in rats

Cited by 21 publications

References 5 publications

Subchronic Sodium Chlorate Exposure in Drinking Water Results in a Concentration-Dependent Increase in Rat Thyroid Follicular Cell Hyperplasia

Subchronic Sodium Chlorate Exposure in Drinking Water Results in a Concentration-Dependent Increase in Rat Thyroid Follicular Cell Hyperplasia

American Thyroid Association Guide to Investigating Thyroid Hormone Economy and Action in Rodent and Cell Models

Clinical Chemistry in Toxicity Testing: Scope and Methods

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