The Perception of Ramped Pulse Shapes in Cochlear Implant Users

Abstract

The electric stimulation provided by current cochlear implants (CI) is not power efficient. One underlying problem is the poor efficiency by which information from electric pulses is transformed into auditory nerve responses. A novel stimulation paradigm using ramped pulse shapes has recently been proposed to remedy this inefficiency. The primary motivation is a better biophysical fit to spiral ganglion neurons with ramped pulses compared to the rectangular pulses used in most contemporary CIs. Here, we tested the hypotheses that ramped pulses provide more efficient stimulation compared to rectangular pulses and that a rising ramp is more efficient than a declining ramp. Rectangular, rising ramped and declining ramped pulse shapes were compared in terms of charge efficiency and discriminability, and threshold variability in seven CI listeners. The tasks included single-channel threshold detection, loudness-balancing, discrimination of pulse shapes, and threshold measurement across the electrode array. Results showed that reduced charge, but increased peak current amplitudes, was required at threshold and most comfortable levels with ramped pulses relative to rectangular pulses. Furthermore, only one subject could reliably discriminate between equally-loud ramped and rectangular pulses, suggesting variations in neural activation patterns between pulse shapes in that participant. No significant difference was found between rising and declining ramped pulses across all tests. In summary, the present findings show some benefits of charge efficiency with ramped pulses relative to rectangular pulses, that the direction of a ramped slope is of less importance, and that most participants could not perceive a difference between pulse shapes.

What Is the Benefit of Ramped Pulse Shapes for Activating Auditory Cortex Neurons? An Electrophysiological Study in an Animal Model of Cochlear Implant

“…The present results and others [29,30] suggest that one of the key advantages of ramped pulses is its ability to decrease the threshold for activating central auditory structures. This decrease was rather modest from eABR recording (about 1 nC from Figure 2b in ref.…”

“…[29]). In human subjects, slightly lower thresholds were found for ramped pulses in a single channel detection task, but there was no significant difference between ramp-UP and ramp-DOWN across all tested situations [30].…”

“…Despite this, the manipulations of pulse shapes had a reliable impact on cortical evoked responses: Although they were not systematically significant, the results observed with the four ramped pulses were always in the same direction, both with a cathodic and an anodic first phase. As cortical activity is potentially more tightly related to perceptual performance [51][52][53][54][55] than auditory nerve activity, our results suggest that the use of ramped pulses can be of importance for improving the CI patient performance (e.g., see [30,56]).…”