The perception bias of aesthetic providers

Abstract

The definition of beauty and attractiveness is complex and lacks a universally accepted standard in aesthetic medicine. Some believe that beauty is primarily cognitively modulated, while attractiveness is multidimensional and relies heavily on perceptual processing. 1 The brain has evolved to process beauty through a few major pathways. [2][3][4][5] First, visual analysis is projected to the inferior occipital gyri where it extends into the lateral fusiform gyrus and superior temporal sulcus for additional processing. 2 The fusiform gyrus aids in facial recognition as well as the analysis and spacing of individual facial features, particularly the eyes, nose, and mouth. 2,3 Its rate of processing is robust when evaluating attractive faces, as opposed to unattractive faces, which ultimately promotes a direct pathway of recognizing attractive faces and features. 3 The superior temporal sulcus perceives facial expression and connects to other portions of the brain involved in emotional processing. 2 It also passes information to the nucleus accumbens and anterior cingulate cortex within the orbitofrontal cortex, where judgment of beauty is made and dopamine is released when an entity is deemed "beautiful". 3 A study using direct fMRI further evaluated these pathways involving the judgment of beauty; it showed increased blood oxygenation level-dependent signals when beauty was recognized. 4 Thus, when a beautiful image or person is observed and processed, our brains aid in rewarding such a judgment, further reinforcing our innate demand for beauty.While beauty may be subconsciously perceived, other factors such as posture, confidence, self-esteem, genuineness, and adornment may help to better define beauty and attractiveness. [6][7][8] When a layperson is asked to judge attractiveness, he/she is more likely to make his/her assessment in a holistic fashion using the aforementioned factors. 9 Conversely, an aesthetic provider is more likely to clearly articulate and define the particular features that relate to one's beauty and attractiveness.Most aesthetic providers have been trained to evaluate beauty and attractiveness by measuring symmetry, evaluating facial proportions, and using mathematical ratios and equation. 7 Phi defines the golden ratio of proportions that represents ideal beauty in both humans and nature, and indicates a being's health, strength, and genetic value. 7 Through a deep understanding of anatomy and these mathematical proportions, aesthetic providers can deliver therapies to aid in achieving mathematically ideal beauty, within anatomical

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