The perception-behavior expressway: Automatic effects of social perception on social behavior

Dijksterhuis, Ap; Bargh, John A.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(01)80003-4

Cited by 818 publications

(791 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Our answer is that the interactive nature of dialogue supports interactive alignment of Dijksterhuis and Bargh argue that many social behaviours are automatically triggered by perception of action in others [16]. Such automatic perception -action links are well documented in the neurophysiological literature (e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Dijksterhuis and Bargh argue that the majority of routine social behaviour reflects the operation of what they call a perception -behaviour expressway (see Box 3) [16]. Their basic argument is that we are 'wired' in such a way that there are direct links between perception and action across a wide range of social situations.…”

Section: Box 2 Evidence For Alignment In Dialoguementioning

confidence: 99%

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Why is conversation so easy?

Garrod

Pickering

2004

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

518

345

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Box 2 Evidence For Alignment In Dialoguementioning

confidence: 99%

Why is conversation so easy?

Garrod

Pickering

2004

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

518

345

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Many investigations have targeted this "efficiency blindness", and researchers argued that early imitation is a blind and automatic copying process (Tomasello et al 1993) that reflects the immaturity of causal understanding in infants (Dijksterhuis and Bargh 2001). In contrast, presuming a mentalistic interpretive stance in infants, others argue that infants attribute different goals and intentions to the demonstrator depending on their physical constraints (Bekkering et al 2000;Carpenter et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do dogs (Canis familiaris) select the empty container in an observational learning task?

Kupán

Miklósi

Gergely³

et al. 2010

Anim Cogn

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Many argue that dogs show unique susceptibility to human communicative signals that make them suitable for being engaged in complex co-operation with humans. It has also been revealed that socially provided information is particularly effective in influencing the behaviour of dogs even when the human's action demonstration conveys inefficient or mistaken solution of task. It is unclear, however, how the communicative nature of the demonstration context and the presence of the human demonstrator affect the dogs' objectchoice behaviour in observational learning situations. In order to unfold the effects of these factors, 76 adult pet dogs could observe a communicative or a non-communicative demonstration in which the human retrieved a tennis ball from under an opaque container while manipulating another distant and obviously empty (transparent) one. Subjects were then allowed to choose either in the presence of the demonstrator or after she left the room. Results showed a significant main effect of the demonstration context (presence or absence of the human's communicative signals), and we also found some evidence for the responsemodifying effect of the presence of the human demonstrator during the dogs' choice. That is, dogs predominantly chose the baited container, but if the demonstration context was communicative and the human was present during the dogs' choice, subjects' tendency to select the baited container has been reduced. In agreement with the studies showing sensitivity to human's communicative signals in dogs, these findings point to a special form of social influence in observational learning situations when it comes to learning about causally opaque and less efficient (compared to what comes natural to the dog) action demonstrations.

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“…Situational cues, social norms, and the attitudes and behavior of others all provide guidance and boundaries for acceptable thought and behavior, pressing individuals in predictable directions. Indeed, the range of situational elements that have been found to influence individual psychology, from various subtle nonsocial cues (e.g., Dijksterhuis & Bargh, 2001;Higgins, 1996;Ward, 1994) to overt acts of social influence (e.g., Asch, 1955;Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004;Deutsch & Gerard, 1955;Sherif, 1935), is astounding. As a result, elements of the situation are often more important determinants of expressions and behavior than are individuals' dispositions (Ross & Nisbett, 1991;cf.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Power reduces the press of the situation: Implications for creativity, conformity, and dissonance.

Galinsky

Magee

Gruenfeld

et al. 2008

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

708

594

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Although power is often conceptualized as the capacity to influence others, the current research explores whether power psychologically protects people from influence. In contrast to classic social psychological research demonstrating the strength of the situation in directing attitudes, expressions, and intentions, 5 experiments (using experiential primes, semantic primes, and role manipulations of power) demonstrate that the powerful (a) generate creative ideas that are less influenced by salient examples, (b) express attitudes that conform less to the expressed opinions of others, (c) are more influenced by their own social value orientation relative to the reputation of a negotiating opponent, and (d) perceive greater choice in making counterattitudinal statements. This last experiment illustrates that power is not always psychologically liberating; it can create internal conflict, arousing dissonance, and thereby lead to attitude change. Across the experiments, high-power participants were immune to the typical press of situations, with intrapsychic processes having greater sway than situational or interpersonal ones on their creative and attitudinal expressions.Keywords: power, influence, conformity, dissonance, creativityThe assertion that social and mental life is directed by the situation is almost a truism in social psychology. Situational cues, social norms, and the attitudes and behavior of others all provide guidance and boundaries for acceptable thought and behavior, pressing individuals in predictable directions. Indeed, the range of situational elements that have been found to influence individual psychology, from various subtle nonsocial cues (e.g., Dijksterhuis

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The perception-behavior expressway: Automatic effects of social perception on social behavior

Cited by 818 publications

References 95 publications

Why is conversation so easy?

Why is conversation so easy?

Why do dogs (Canis familiaris) select the empty container in an observational learning task?

Power reduces the press of the situation: Implications for creativity, conformity, and dissonance.

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