Tertiary
sulfonium-containing zwitterionic block copolymers consisting of N-acryloyl-l-methionine methyl sulfonium salt (A-Met(S+)-OH) and n-butyl acrylate (BA) were newly
synthesized to develop a novel protein stabilizer. The zwitterionic
block copolymers were prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation
chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization of BA using a hydrophilic macro-chain-transfer
agent (CTA) obtained from N-acryloyl-l-methionine
(A-Met-OH) and subsequent postmodification. RAFT polymerization of
A-Met-OH using poly(BA) macro-CTA, followed by postmodification, also
afforded the target poly(A-Met(S+)-OH)-b-poly(BA). The block copolymers stabilized horseradish peroxidase
(HRP) during storage at 37 °C for 5 days, and the protein-stabilizing
effect was enhanced with increase in the A-Met(S+)-OH content.
In particular, the block copolymer with ∼85% A-Met(S+)-OH content showed a significant protein-stabilizing effect at a
temperature (37 °C) higher than the room temperature, which is
highly desirable for practical and industrial applications. The addition
of sucrose into the block copolymer–protein solution led to
a considerable increase in the HRP activity under the same conditions.
Excellent alkaline phosphatase stabilization at 37 °C for 12
days was also achieved using the block copolymers. The zwitterionic
block copolymers with the optimal hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance
were found to serve as efficient protein-stabilizing agents, in comparison
with the corresponding homopolymer and random copolymers. Dynamic
light scattering, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy,
and circular dichroism measurements revealed that the zwitterionic
block copolymer stabilizes an enzyme by wrapping with a slight change
in the size, whereas the secondary and ordered structures of the enzyme
are maintained.