The pendular mechanism does not determine the optimal speed of loaded walking on gradients

Gomeñuka, Natalia Andrea; Bona, Renata Luísa; Rosa, Rodrigo Gomes da; Peyré‐Tartaruga, Leonardo Alexandre

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2016.03.008

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Specific mechanisms regulating this transfer will be analyzed in future study. The effects of different speeds on biomechanic and energetic responses in our study are in line with previous studies in adults [36,53,54] and even in elderly [5]. Interestingly, our study showed that speed-cost profiles were altered by endurance training.…”

Section: Effects Of Nw Training In the Energetics And Biomechanics Ofsupporting

confidence: 93%

Nordic walking training in elderly, a randomized clinical trial. Part II: Biomechanical and metabolic adaptations

et al. 2020

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Background: Nordic walking is an attractive method of endurance training. Nevertheless, the biomechanic response due to the additional contribution of using poles in relation to free walking training has been less explored in the elderly. Purpose: This randomized parallel controlled trial aimed to assess the effects of 8 weeks of Nordic walking and free walking training on the walking economy, mechanical work, metabolically optimal speed, and electromyographic activation in elderly. Methods: Thirty-three sedentary elderly were randomized into Nordic walking (n = 16) and free walking group (n = 17) with equalized loads. Submaximal walking tests were performed from 1 to 5 km h −1 on the treadmill.Results: Walking economy was improved in both free and Nordic walking groups (x 2 4.91, p = 0.014) and the metabolically optimal speed was increased by approximately 0.5 km h −1 changing the speed-cost profile. The electromyographic activation in lower and upper limbs, pendular recovery, and total, external, and internal mechanical work remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Interestingly, the internal mechanical work associated with arm movement was higher in the Nordic walking group than in the free walking group after training, while the co-contraction from upper limb muscles was reduced similarly to both groups.Conclusions: Eight weeks of Nordic walking training effectively improved the walking economy and functionality as well as maintained the gait mechanics, similar to free walking training in elderly people. This enhancement in the metabolic economy may have been mediated by a reduction in the co-contraction from upper limb muscles. Trial registration: ClinicalTrails.gov NCT03096964

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Section: Effects Of Nw Training In the Energetics And Biomechanics Ofsupporting

confidence: 93%

Nordic walking training in elderly, a randomized clinical trial. Part II: Biomechanical and metabolic adaptations

et al. 2020

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“…But because we already observed that both the energy cost and the kinematics of level locomotion were not affected by this MUM (Vernillo et al, 2014b), we did not include this condition. Since the reference condition was the one previously investigated during this MUM (Vernillo et al, 2014b), we cannot exclude that the conditions applied were not the ones to minimize the energy expenditure during graded walking and running (Minetti et al, 2002; Gomeñuka et al, 2014, 2016). However, all efforts were made to reduce that bias, identifying with pilot work that the energy costs were not significantly different across conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Extreme Mountain Ultra-Marathon Decreases the Cost of Uphill Walking and Running

et al. 2016

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Purpose: To examine the effects of the world's most challenging mountain ultramarathon (MUM, 330 km, cumulative elevation gain of +24,000 m) on the energy cost and kinematics of different uphill gaits.Methods: Before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) the competition, 19 male athletes performed three submaximal 5-min treadmill exercise trials in a randomized order: walking at 5 km·h−1, +20%; running at 6 km·h−1, +15%; and running at 8 km·h−1, +10%. During the three trials, energy cost was assessed using an indirect calorimetry system and spatiotemporal gait parameters were acquired with a floor-level high-density photoelectric cells system.Results: The average time of the study participants to complete the MUM was 129 h 43 min 48 s (range: 107 h 29 min 24 s to 144 h 21 min 0 s). Energy costs in walking (−11.5 ± 5.5%, P < 0.001), as well as in the first (−7.2 ± 3.1%, P = 0.01) and second (−7.0 ± 3.9%, P = 0.02) running condition decreased between PRE and POST, with a reduction both in the heart rate (−11.3, −10.0, and −9.3%, respectively) and oxygen uptake only for the walking condition (−6.5%). No consistent and significant changes in the kinematics variables were detected (P-values from 0.10 to 0.96).Conclusion: Though fatigued after completing the MUM, the subjects were still able to maintain their uphill locomotion patterns noted at PRE. The decrease (improvement) in the energy costs was likely due to the prolonged and repetitive walking/running, reflecting a generic improvement in the mechanical efficiency of locomotion after ~130 h of uphill locomotion rather than constraints imposed by the activity on the musculoskeletal structure and function.

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“…This sample was chosen to examine both genders and individuals with small/medium and large/extra-large sized feet. Since this was a gait assessment study, the sample size was set at 20 participants, which is consistent with recent gait-based literature [11][12][13][14]. The study was approved for human subjects testing under the University's Institutional Review Board (IRB; protocol #17-725).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closing the Wearable Gap—Part IV: 3D Motion Capture Cameras Versus Soft Robotic Sensors Comparison of Gait Movement Assessment

et al. 2019

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The purpose of this study was to use 3D motion capture and stretchable soft robotic sensors (SRS) to collect foot-ankle movement on participants performing walking gait cycles on flat and sloped surfaces. The primary aim was to assess differences between 3D motion capture and a new SRS-based wearable solution. Given the complex nature of using a linear solution to accurately quantify the movement of triaxial joints during a dynamic gait movement, 20 participants performing multiple walking trials were measured. The participant gait data was then upscaled (for the SRS), time-aligned (based on right heel strikes), and smoothed using filtering methods. A multivariate linear model was developed to assess goodness-of-fit based on mean absolute error (MAE; 1.54), root mean square error (RMSE; 1.96), and absolute R 2 (R 2 ; 0.854). Two and three SRS combinations were evaluated to determine if similar fit scores could be achieved using fewer sensors. Inversion (based on MAE and RMSE) and plantar flexion (based on R 2 ) sensor removal provided second-best fit scores. Given that the scores indicate a high level of fit, with further development, an SRS-based wearable solution has the potential to measure motion during gait-based tasks with the accuracy of a 3D motion capture system.

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The pendular mechanism does not determine the optimal speed of loaded walking on gradients

Cited by 19 publications

References 42 publications

Nordic walking training in elderly, a randomized clinical trial. Part II: Biomechanical and metabolic adaptations

Nordic walking training in elderly, a randomized clinical trial. Part II: Biomechanical and metabolic adaptations

An Extreme Mountain Ultra-Marathon Decreases the Cost of Uphill Walking and Running

Closing the Wearable Gap—Part IV: 3D Motion Capture Cameras Versus Soft Robotic Sensors Comparison of Gait Movement Assessment

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