The pelvic floor muscles: Muscle thickness in healthy and urinary-incontinent women measured by perineal ultrasonography with reference to the effect of pelvic floor training. Estrogen receptor studies

Bernstein, Inge

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6777(1997)16:4<237::aid-nau2>3.0.co;2-f

Cited by 123 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…Estimating muscle contraction by ultrasonography was revealed to be an exciting method for re-educating or strengthening of the m u s c l e s b y m e a n s o f v i s u a l f e e d b a c k i n physiotherapy 39) . Today the field of muscle evaluation needs a reliable and feasible method which is also replicable in follow-up studies such as rehabilitation assessments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Applicability of Muscle Ultrasonography in Physiotherapy Researches.

Rezasoltani

2003

J Phys Ther Sci

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Abstract.Within the last century, many medical approaches have been invented and widely upgraded in the field of medical sciences. Ultrasonography is a non-invasive method in medical diagnosis which has several applications in musculoskeletal evaluation. Each ultrasonography picture is a very thin tomographic slice of the anatomy being examined. With ultrasonography an examiner is able to measure the cross-sectional area, and linear dimensions such as the anterioposterior dimension (APD) and lateral dimension (LD) of the muscle. It is also possible to calculate the multiplied linear dimension by the equation APD times LD and the shape ratio by the equation LD/APD. In biophysiological measurement ultrasonography is a digital measurement device with a high accuracy for identifying small structures. In the field of muscle research, compared to muscle strength test and surface electromyography, ultrasonography can easily screen and evaluate the individual muscle contraction even in the deep layers. During ultrasonography the muscle image is continously updated. Therefore, the method may be useful in physiotherapy of weak muscles by means of visual feedback.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Applicability of Muscle Ultrasonography in Physiotherapy Researches.

Rezasoltani

2003

J Phys Ther Sci

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“…Ultrasonography has been widely used to detect dysfunction in the pelvic floor muscles (PFM), [1][2][3][4] to determine the effect of childbirth in these muscles and to evaluate the effectiveness of muscle training. 4,5 Three-dimensional ultrasound is the most common type; however, two-dimensional ultrasound may be useful for evaluating the pelvic floor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training and hypopressive exercises for treating pelvic organ prolapse in women: randomized controlled trial

et al. 2012

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Efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training and hypopressive exercises for treating pelvic organ prolapse in women: randomized controlled trialEficácia do treinamento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico e de exercícios hipopressivos para o tratamento do prolapso de órgãos pélvicos em mulheres: ensaio clínico randomizado. METHODS: Fifty-eight women with stage II pelvic organ prolapse were divided into three groups for physiotherapy: a pelvic floor muscle training group (GI); a hypopressive exercise group (GII); and a control group (GIII). The patients underwent transperineal ultrasonographic evaluation using a transducer of frequency 4-9 MHz. The (CSA) of the levator ani muscle was measured before physiotherapy and after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS:The groups were homogeneous regarding age, number of pregnancies, number of vaginal deliveries, body mass index and hormonal status. Statistically significant differences in CSA were found in GI and GII from before to after the treatment (P < 0.001), but not in relation to GIII (P = 0.816). CONCLUSIONS:The CSA of the levator ani muscle increased significantly with physiotherapy among the women with pelvic organ prolapse. Pelvic floor muscle training and hypopressive exercises produced similar improvements in the CSA of the levator ani muscle. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01196598reSUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Estudos anteriores mostraram que mulheres com disfunção do assoalho pélvico possuem diminuição da área de secção transversal (AST) do músculo levantador do ânus. Uma forma de avaliar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento é mensurar a AST do músculo por ultrassonografia. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia do treinamento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico e de exercícios hipopressivos no aumento da AST do músculo levantador do ânus em mulheres com prolapso de órgãos pélvicos. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo prospectivo, randomizado e controlado realizado no Ambulatório de Uroginecologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Cinquenta e oito mulheres com prolapso de órgãos pélvicos estádio II foram divididas em três grupos para tratamento fisioterapêutico: (GI) grupo de treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico, (GII) grupo de exercícios hipopressivos e (GIII) grupo controle. As pacientes se submeteram a avaliação ultrassonográfica transperineal com transdutor de frequência 4-9 MHz. Foi mensurada a AST do músculo levantador do ânus antes e após 12 semanas de tratamento fisioterapêutico. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram homogêneos no que se refere a idade, número de gestações, número de partos vaginais, índice de massa corpórea e estado hormonal. Diferença significante foi observada na AST de GI e GII antes e após o tratamento (P < 0,001) e isso não ocorreu com o GIII (P = 0,816). CONCLUSÕES: A AST do músculo levantador do ânus aumentou significativamente com tratamento fisioterapêutico em mulheres com prolapso de órgãos pélvicos. Treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico e exercícios hipopressivos são semelhantes no que se refere ao aumento da AST do...

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“…Regarding the thickness of the levator ani muscle, Bernstein 27 demonstrated through transabdominal ultrasonography a significant reduction in the thickness of the levator ani muscle in women over 60 compared to that of younger women. According to this author, the levator ani muscle was significantly thicker in healthier women than in those with urinary incontinence and this problem can be eliminated through physical therapy, as corroborated by this study, which showed a statistically significant increase in the thickness of the levator ani muscle in Gbio (p = 0.0044), but not in Gc, which did not have any statistically relevant improvement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%