The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: Where the striatum meets the reticular formation

Inglis, Wendy L.; Winn, Philip

doi:10.1016/0301-0082(95)00013-l

Cited by 316 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…Cholinergic cells predominate in PPNc, but PPNc and anteromedial pars dissipata also contain large populations of GABAergic or glutamatergic neurons [77][78][79]. The input and output relationships of the various neuron groups in the PPN have not been precisely determined, but it is known that the nucleus gives rise to projections to the basal ganglia, thalamus, basal forebrain, reticular formation, and spinal cord [69,74,[80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93], thus being, at the same time, part of the extended basal ganglia family of nuclei [74], and a conduit of descending basal ganglia outputs. The function(s) of this nucleus are poorly understood, although portions of the (primate) PPN are implicated in the control of gait and balance because of overlap with the physiologically identified mesencephalic locomotor region and possibly other motor functions (see below).…”

Section: Functional/anatomic Considerations Of the Basal Ganglia Circmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders of Basal Ganglia Origin: Restoring Function or Functionality?

2016

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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is highly effective for both hypo-and hyperkinetic movement disorders of basal ganglia origin. The clinical use of DBS is, in part, empiric, based on the experience with prior surgical ablative therapies for these disorders, and, in part, driven by scientific discoveries made decades ago. In this review, we consider anatomical and functional concepts of the basal ganglia relevant to our understanding of DBS mechanisms, as well as our current understanding of the pathophysiology of two of the most commonly DBS-treated conditions, Parkinson's disease and dystonia. Finally, we discuss the proposed mechanism(s) of action of DBS in restoring function in patients with movement disorders. The signs and symptoms of the various disorders appear to result from signature disordered activity in the basal ganglia output, which disrupts the activity in thalamocortical and brainstem networks. The available evidence suggests that the effects of DBS are strongly dependent on targeting sensorimotor portions of specific nodes of the basal gangliathalamocortical motor circuit, that is, the subthalamic nucleus and the internal segment of the globus pallidus. There is little evidence to suggest that DBS in patients with movement disorders restores normal basal ganglia functions (e.g., their role in movement or reinforcement learning). Instead, it appears that high-frequency DBS replaces the abnormal basal ganglia output with a more tolerable pattern, which helps to restore the functionality of downstream networks.

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Section: Functional/anatomic Considerations Of the Basal Ganglia Circmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders of Basal Ganglia Origin: Restoring Function or Functionality?

2016

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“…The relationship existing between PPTg projections to the basal ganglia and the PPTg projection to the thalamus has not yet been clarified (Scarnati et al 1987a). It is interesting to note that the information conveyed to the thalamus from the PPTg could influence the basal ganglia by the direct thalamostriatal projection as well as by the indirect thalamocorticostriatal pathway (Dubé et al 1988;Inglis and Winn 1995).…”

Section: Thalamic Territories Of Overlapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on its projections to the pontine, medullar and spinal structures, the PPTg has been considered a possible link between the striatum and lower brainstem sites (Inglis and Winn 1995). The description of a triad projection from a single PPTg neuron to the thalamus, brainstem and SN supports the role of the PPTg as an integrative structure that could receive different information and then connect simultaneously with different systems (Takakusaki et al 1996).…”

Section: Thalamic Territories Of Overlapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between thalamostriatal neurons and pedunculopontine projections to the thalamus: a neuroanatomical tract-tracing study in the rat

Erro¹,

Lanciego²,

Giménez‐Amaya³

1999

Experimental Brain Research

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The present study aimed to investigate whether the pedunculopontine projection to the thalamus overlaps with identified thalamostriatal neurons. These projections were studied using a dual tract-tracing procedure combining anterogradely transported biotinylated dextran amine (pedunculopontine projections) and retrogradely transported Fluoro-Gold (thalamostriatal projections). Overlapping thalamic territories between thalamostriatal neurons and the axon terminals arising from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus were observed in the midline (paraventricular) and in the intralaminar (centrolateral, central medial, paracentral and parafascicular) thalamic nuclei. Other thalamic nuclei, such as the ethmoid, intermediodorsal, mediodorsal, paratenial, posteromedian, ventromedian, ventrolateral and rhomboid thalamic nuclei, displayed a lesser degree of overlap. These observations suggest the existence of presumptive contacts between thalamostriatal neurons and axons emerging from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, therefore supporting the possible existence of feedback circuits in the rat basal ganglia in which the tegmentothalamic projection would play a major role. Key words Basal ganglia · Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus · Fluoro-Gold · BDAAbbreviations aca Anterior commissure, anterior part · Acb accumbens nucleus · acp anterior commissure, posterior part · AD anterodorsal thalamic nucleus · APTD anterior pretectal nucleus, dorsal part · Aq aqueduct (Sylvius) · B basal nucleus (Meynert) · cc corpus callosum · CL centrolateral thalamic nucleus · CM central medial thalamic nucleus · CnF cuneiform nucleus · CPu caudate putamen · ECIC external cortex of the inferior colliculus · EP entopeduncular nucleus · Eth ethmoid thalamic nucleus · F nucleus of the fields of Forel · fr fasciculus retroflexus · GP globus pallidus · IAM interanteromedial thalamic nucleus · IMD intermediodorsal thalamic nucleus · LD laterodorsal thalamic nucleus · LHb lateral habenular nucleus · LP lateral posterior thalamic nucleus · LV lateral ventricle · MD mediodorsal thalamic nucleus · MHb medial habenular nucleus · MiTg microcellular tegmental nucleus · ml medial lemniscus · mt mammillothalamic tract · PC paracentral thalamic nucleus · PF parafascicular thalamic nucleus · Po posterior thalamic nuclear group · PPTg pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus · PV paraventricular thalamic nucleus · Re reuniens thalamic nucleus · Rh rhomboid thalamic nucleus · Rt reticular thalamic nucleus · scp superior cerebellar peduncle · sm stria medullaris of the thalamus · SN substantia nigra · SPF subparafascicular thalamic nucleus · SPTg subpeduncular tegmental nucleus · STh subthalamic nucleus · Sub submedius thalamic nucleus · xscp decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle · VL ventrolateral thalamic nucleus · VM ventromedial thalamic nucleus · VPM ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus · VPL ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus · VPPC ventral posterior thalamic nucleus, parvicellular part · ZI zona incerta

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“…In animal models, PPN lesions have been reported to impair attention, executive function, working memory and learning Inglis et al, 2000Inglis et al, , 2001Inglis and Winn 1995;Kozak et al, 2005;Garcia-Rill, 1991). High frequency PPN DBS in a non-human primate model had similar effects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Critical evaluation of the anatomical location of the Barrington nucleus: Relevance for deep brain stimulation surgery of pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus

et al. 2013

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The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: Where the striatum meets the reticular formation

Cited by 316 publications

References 182 publications

Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders of Basal Ganglia Origin: Restoring Function or Functionality?

Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders of Basal Ganglia Origin: Restoring Function or Functionality?

Relationships between thalamostriatal neurons and pedunculopontine projections to the thalamus: a neuroanatomical tract-tracing study in the rat

Critical evaluation of the anatomical location of the Barrington nucleus: Relevance for deep brain stimulation surgery of pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus

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