The peak of health: The vertical representation of healthy food

Ethical and legal considerations for nutrition virtual coaches

“…Uniformity of infographic such as dietary pyramid and plate [186,196,197] Informative and assistive systems PI3.1 Higher food cost of recommended healthy dietary patterns Granting comprehensive information to ensuring comparison between food and substitution [163] PI3.2 User with cognitive disorders or mental issues IAT functionalities to be determined according patients' needs [198] Persuasive systems PI4.1 Nudging healthy and environmental nutritional choices is a persuasion technique Careful evaluation of consumers' behavior when setting choice architecture to nudge behavior [199,200] PI4.2 Ensure transparency on NVC goals Setting clear goal statement on seeked health and environmental impact outcomes boundaries, providing transparency, stating the goals clearly, and preventing unintended behavior change. Moreover, we have related ethical challenges to the NVC sphere, elaborating on the food sustainability from both virtual assistant and user perspectives.…”

“…PI2.2 Uniformity of infographics such as dietary pyramid and plate (linked to EC2.7): unharmonized information can be delivered according to the communication means used if the info is not adapted. The food pyramid has been used for showing the appropriate balance of different food groups in daily consumption, many versions of the pyramid, which slightly vary among each other have been disseminated (i.e., [196,197]). Further graphical communication approaches have been adopted to share information on healthy diets, such as the USA MyPlate, 2 or on the nutritional and environmental impact of diets, such as the Double Pyramid (which reports nutritional recommendations and water footprint as well as greenhouse gases emissions contribution of different food groups 3 ) and the environmental hourglass (which shows nutritional recommendation and the greenhouse gases emissions of diets [186].…”

Caloric and Lipid Profiles in the Spanish Population of North Africa

“…It is worth mentioning that people not following a diet pursuant to the WHO's recommendations have a higher risk of suffering from overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular diseases, as well higher cognitive impairment, higher probability of developing dementia, kidney diseases and/or lower bone density and even cancer [29,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. Therefore, the need to reinforce nutrition education among population by political, education and health authorities is evident in order to limit or reduce the consumption of ultra-processed food [5].…”

Visual communication via the design of food and beverage packaging

“…Over the years, a number of different theoretical accounts have been put forward in order to try and explain the meanings/associations that may be primed by different visual design features (see Table 1 for a summary of the various accounts that have been used to help explain the meaning of abstract visual design cues). The accounts include (a) grounded cognition theory where, for example, a 'strong is heavy' metaphor is activated, and thus congruency dictates that heavy objects should appear at the bottom of packaging (Fenko et al, 2018), (b) conceptual metaphor theory where healthy foods are associated with high verticality, and thus should be situated at the top of product packaging (Wang & Basso, 2021), (c) the connotative meaning account based on the semantic differential technique (see Table 2 for a summary of the various different methods used by researchers in this area), and crossmodal correspondences (e.g. green = healthy; Morich, 1981), (d) the theory of semiotics where signs convey meaning (e.g.…”

“…In research exploring the association between healthiness and vertical position, Wang and Basso (2021) recently demonstrated that people associate healthy food (i.e. fruit salad) with high verticality, whereas unhealthy food (i.e.…”