The pea aphid, <i>Acyrthosiphon pisum</i>: an emerging genomic model system for ecological, developmental and evolutionary studies

Brisson, Jennifer A.; Stern, David L.

doi:10.1002/bies.20436

Cited by 91 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…of environmental cues that influence embryonic fate commitment to increase the rate of a given morph is well documented (Braendle et al 2006;Brisson and Stern 2006). However, our data also suggest that multiple mechanisms might be intertwined due to the fact that the fate of embryos is likely decided in the grandmother (two generations after environmental cue exposure) and the window of plasticity in the development process of A. pisum is still unknown (Dixon 1998;Brisson et al 2007) (emerging embryos are present in old embryos inside adult aphid, which inspires the term of telescopic generations; Dixon 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover microarray analysis has revealed that photoperiodic signals regulate essentially the transcripts of cuticular proteins and kinases involved in the cascade of cellular signaling and signal transduction (Le Trionnaire et al 2007). In aphids, the control of cuticular permeability is essential to resist the stress of desiccation and to contribute to maintaining the high internal osmotic pressure generated by osmolytes, such as sugars and polyols (Kaersgaard et al 2004;Brisson and Stern 2006). We 1 Corresponding authors.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Profiling the repertoire of phenotypes influenced by environmental cues that occur during asexual reproduction

Dombrovsky¹,

Arthaud²,

Ledger³

et al. 2009

Genome Res.

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The aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum population is composed of different morphs, such as winged and wingless parthenogens, males, and sexual females. The combined effect of reduced photoperiodicity and cold in fall triggers the apparition of sexual morphs. In contrast they reproduce asexually in spring and summer. In our current study, we provide evidence that clonal individuals display phenotypic variability within asexual morph categories. We describe that clones sharing the same morphological features, which arose from the same founder mother, constitute a repertoire of variants with distinct behavioral and physiological traits. Our results suggest that the prevailing environmental conditions influence the recruitment of adaptive phenotypes from a cohort of clonal individuals exhibiting considerable molecular diversity. However, we observed that the variability might be reduced or enhanced by external factors, but is never abolished in accordance with a model of stochastically produced phenotypes. This overall mechanism allows the renewal of colonies from a few adapted individuals that survive drastic episodic changes in a fluctuating environment.[Supplemental material is available online at http://www.genome.org.]Aphids exhibit a complex mode of reproduction, combining parthenogenesis (spring/summer) and sexual activity (fall/winter) in species such as Acyrthociphon pisum (Dixon 1973;Blackman and Eastop 1984). Aphids thus constitute an excellent model system to investigate how this double reproductive system generates polyphenism, a generic concept used to describe the emergence of distinct morphs, such as winged, wingless, sexual female, and male (Blackman and Eastop 1984;Blackman 1987;Muller et al. 2001). Aphid morph distribution, particularly wing dimorphism, is influenced by environmental conditions, such as population density (crowding effects) (Sutherland 1969) and/or host plant vitality, as well as physical parameters including humidity, temperature, and photoperiodicity (Walters and Dixon 1982;Dixon 1998). This raises fascinating questions regarding the outcomes of alternative developmental mechanisms that cause morph switching in a predictable way (Stearns 1989;Nijhout 1999).Some aphid species are ''sexual'' lineages committed exclusively to sexual reproduction, others are ''facultative asexual'' lineages, which alternate between sexual and parthenogenetic modes depending on the season, while some others are obligate parthenogens (Delmotte et al. 2002;Le Trionnaire et al. 2008). This combined double system of reproduction is shared with many other species like Daphnia ( Despite some divergent reports, most authors seem to agree that sexual populations in aphids present a high allelic polymorphism of many genes and predominance of homozygous loci within individuals. In contrast, asexual populations seem to present less allelic polymorphism, but strong heterozygosity at most loci (Delmotte et al. 2002;Kanbe and Akimoto, 2009). It is largely assumed that organisms reproducing asexually should maintain lower g...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling the repertoire of phenotypes influenced by environmental cues that occur during asexual reproduction

Dombrovsky¹,

Arthaud²,

Ledger³

et al. 2009

Genome Res.

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“…The most abundant invertebrate genus was Acyrthosiphon, which includes the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. This genus provides a unique opportunity to test the reliability of our methodology as pea aphids require a bacterial endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, for survival and reproduction (Baumann et al 1995;Brisson and Stern 2006). Thus we would expect the count of reads identified with B. aphidicola to exhibit the same pattern as that observed with A. pisum reads.…”

Section: Poisson Two-sample Textmentioning

confidence: 93%

Windshield splatter analysis with the Galaxy metagenomic pipeline

Pond

Wadhawan

Chiaromonte³

et al. 2009

Genome Res.

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How many species inhabit our immediate surroundings? A straightforward collection technique suitable for answering this question is known to anyone who has ever driven a car at highway speeds. The windshield of a moving vehicle is subjected to numerous insect strikes and can be used as a collection device for representative sampling. Unfortunately the analysis of biological material collected in that manner, as with most metagenomic studies, proves to be rather demanding due to the large number of required tools and considerable computational infrastructure. In this study, we use organic matter collected by a moving vehicle to design and test a comprehensive pipeline for phylogenetic profiling of metagenomic samples that includes all steps from processing and quality control of data generated by next-generation sequencing technologies to statistical analyses and data visualization. To the best of our knowledge, this is also the first publication that features a live online supplement providing access to exact analyses and workflows used in the article.

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“…Circulatory viruses contain numerous N-linked glycosylation sites on their surface cells. Many of these sites contain high-mannose glycans which could interact with mannose-binding lectin such as ConA (Gray et al, 1999;Brisson and Stern, 2006;Hogenhout et al, 2008;Desoignies, 2008;Thielens et al, 2002;Pereira et al, 2008;Naidu et al, 2004;Dimitrov, 2004;Garret et al, 1993;Wei, 2007).…”

Section: Interaction With Virus Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%