Background and Purpose
Individuals with stroke-like symptoms are recommended to receive rapid diagnostic evaluation. Emergency medical services (EMS) transport, compared to private modes, and hospital notification prior to arrival may reduce delays in evaluation. This study estimated associations between hospital arrival modes (EMS or private; with or without EMS pre-notification) and times for completion and interpretation of initial brain imaging in presumed stroke patients.
Methods
Among suspected stroke patients identified and enrolled by the North Carolina Stroke Care Collaborative (NCSCC) registry in 2008-2009, we analyzed data on arrival modes, meeting recommended targets for brain imaging completion and interpretation times (<25 minutes and <45 minutes since hospital arrival, respectively), and patient- and hospital-level characteristics. We used modified Poisson regression to estimate adjusted risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results
Of 13,894 eligible patients, 21% had their brain imaging completed and 23% had their brain imaging interpreted by a physician within target times. Arrival by EMS (versus private transport) was associated with both brain imaging completed within 25 minutes of arrival [EMS with pre-notification: RR=3.0, 95% CI=2.1-4.1; EMS without pre-notification: RR=1.9, 95% CI=1.6-2.3] and brain imaging interpreted within 45 minutes [EMS with pre-notification: RR=2.7, 95% CI=2.3-3.3; EMS without pre-notification: RR=1.7, 95% CI=1.4-2.1].
Conclusions
Presumed stroke patients arriving to the hospital by EMS were more likely to receive brain imaging and have it interpreted by a physician in a timely manner than those arriving by private transport. Moreover, EMS arrivals with hospital pre-notification experienced the most rapid evaluation.