The patterns of chondrogenesis of cells from facial primordia of chick embryos in micromass culture

Wedden, Sarah; Lewin-Smith, Michael R.; Tickle, Cheryll

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(86)90349-0

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Tissue recombination studies have shown that removal of the mandibular epithelium results in reduced growth of chick mandible suggestive of growthpromoting effects of mandibular epithelium on the underlying mesenchyme (Wedden, 1987;Richman and Tickle, 1989;Hall and Coffin-Collins, 1990;Mina et al, 1994). In addition to its mitogenic effects, mandibular epithelium also has inhibitory effects on chondrogenesis of the chick mandibular mesenchyme (Wedden et al, 1986;Coffin-Collins and Hall, 1989;Mina et al, 1991aMina et al, , 1994. These findings suggest that the inhibitory inf hence of mandibular epithelium on chondro-genesis may play an important role in defining the spatial organization of Meckel's cartilage (Mina et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental analysis of Msx‐1 and Msx‐2 gene expression during chick mandibular morphogenesis

Mina

Gluhak

Upholt

et al. 1995

Developmental Dynamics

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Homeobox-containing genes are thought to be involved in regulating pattern formation in a variety of tissues during embryogenesis. We have examined the expression of the homeobox-related genes Msx-1 and Msx-2 during the development of the chick mandibular arch. Northern blot hybridization indicates that transcripts for both Msx-I(1.6 Kb) and Msx-2 (3 Kb) are present in the mandibular arch as early as stage 18. The levels of both transcripts in the whole mandible decrease as cartilage is formed in vivo and in vitro. Using in situ hybridization, transcripts of Msx-I were localized in high amounts to the mesenchyme of the mesial tips of the arches. Msx-2 transcripts were localized in high amounts to medial regions of the arches. Little or no hybridization of either probe was detected in the chondrogenic and myogenic regions of the arches. Transcripts of both genes were also excluded from calcified bone and cartilage. Our results further demonstrate that the mesial tip mesenchyme expressing Msx-I includes areas of highly proliferative cells and has in vitro chondrogenic potential. The region of mesenchymal cells expressing the Msx-2 gene overlap with areas of developmentally programmed cell death which also contain very few proliferative cells and lack chondrogenic potential in vitro. These results are consistent with the possibility that Msx-I may be involved in the outgrowth of the mandibular arch and Msx-2 may be involved in both developmentally programmed cell death and delineating the non-chondrogenic region of the medial part of the mandibular arch. o 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental analysis of Msx‐1 and Msx‐2 gene expression during chick mandibular morphogenesis

Mina

Gluhak

Upholt

et al. 1995

Developmental Dynamics

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“…Thus the subdivisions cultured in the present study retained the nodular form of cartilage observed in whole mandibles. Other regions of the face, the frontonasal in particular, form a continuous sheet of cartilage (Wedden et al, 1986) and it has been suggested that these different in vitro patterns may reflect in vivo patterning (Wedden et al, 1986(Wedden et al, , 1988Langille et al, 1989;Langille and Solursh, 1991). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vitro studies of chondro and myogenesis in whole mandible, frontonasal, and maxillary cultures from chick embryos at different stages (HH 18-26;Hauschka and Rutz, 1982;Wedden et al, 1986;Ralphs et al, 1989) have shown distinct differences in chondrification and myogenic patterns between facial regions and stage of development, but still give no clue as to the positional information within the mesenchyme nor the spatial organization of tissues prior to differentiation within the face. Hall's (1982) analysis of chondro-and osteogenesis in stage HH 22, CAM grafted mandibular arches revealed that in intact halves, all of the mandible was chondrogenic, with the rostral half displaying the greatest chondrogenic potential while the proximo-caudal quar-ter was the most osteogenic, confirming the earlier work of Jacobson and Fell (1941).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro analysis of the spatial organization of chondrogenic regions of avian mandibular mesenchyme

Langille

1994

Developmental Dynamics

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The mechanism(s) which control patterning in the face remain elusive, due in large part to the absence of morphologically identifiable controlling regions such as the AER of the limb bud. In order to identify the controlling region(s) and timing of patterning in the face, an investigation was launched to determine the spatial organization of tissues within this region, beginning with the chondrogenic zones of the avian (chick and quail) mandible. The mandibles from HH stage 23/24 chick and equivalent stage quail embryos were initially bisected in three planes giving rostral or caudal, proximal or distal, and medial or lateral halves. The mesenchyme from these various regions was isolated, plated out in high density micromass cultures, and grown for 4 days. Additionally, further cultures were grown, consisting of mandibular mesenchyme subdivided into quarters along the long axis of the mandible (e.g., rostro-proximal quarter) as well as the bisecting of medial or lateral halves (e.g., medialrostral quarter). Nodule number and area were determined by morphometric analysis for each culture as well as whole mandible controls. The demarcation between chondrogenic and nonchondrogenic regions was dramatic. Of the bisected halves, proximal and lateral were the most chondrogenic with the lateral subdivision displaying much more cartilage than whole mandible. The nodules of the lateral cultures fused into a sheet of cartilage. In contrast mesenchyme from the medial half was virtually non-chondrogenic. When ranked by the amount of chondrogenesis, the order was, lateral > proximal = whole = core > distal > caudal > rostral > periphery >> medial. Interestingly, when subdivided further an altered pattern appeared. For example, the rostromedial quarter displayed a sheet of cartilage; more than the disto-lateral or even the proximolateral which, based on the bisected-mandible data, should have yielded the most cartilage. One possible explanation for the variance in the cartilage produced by the quartered mandibles from the amount predicted by the bisected-mandible data is that further isolating portions of the mesenchyme changed the ratios of other cell types in the cultures and that cell-cell interactions affect chondrogenic differentiation as suggested for limb mesenchyme.

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“…The micromass culture was performed as described by Wedden et al [17] Distal tips of forelimb buds were dissected from 11 d p c C57BU6 mouse embryos (Sankyo Laboratory) The mesenchymal cells removed from the ectoderm after mcubatlon m dlspase (Godosyusel) at 4°C for 18 mm were dlsaggregated and suspended m Ham's F-12 tissue culture medium (G~bco) containing 10% fetal calf serum (JRH Biosciences) and 200 &ml ascorbic acid (Glbco) They were plated out m 10 ~1 drops at a final density of 2 x 10' cells/ml on tissue culture dishes (Falcon Pnmana) and cultured m a humid&d atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO1 at 37°C for up to 7 days The ohgodeoxynucleotldes were added to the every changed culture medium at a final concentration of 5 O,UM every other day for 7 days, and the same volume of sterile water was added as control We started the treatment with 10 nM RA (Sigma, type XX) after one day of mcubatlon with or without the antlsense ohgodeoxynucleotlde 2 3 Stamrng and quantrficatzon ojcartdage matrix…”

Section: Ramentioning

confidence: 99%

Antisense retinoic acid receptor γ‐1 oligonucleotide enhances chondrogenesis of mouse limb mesenchymal cells in vitro

Motoyama

Eto

1994

FEBS Letters

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Retmolc acid receptor (RAR) y gene 1s expressed m the precartllagmous cells during chondrogenesls m mouse embryos, but the role of the gene products IS still unclear To examme the role durmg chondrogenesls, we isolated mesenchymal cells from the limb bud of mouse embryos and exposed them to antisense RAR y-l ohgodeoxynucleotlde m mlcromass culture The antisense ohgodeoxynucleotlde inhibited RAR y-l protein expresslon and enhanced chondrogenesls In the exposed cells These results suggest that the complex of RAR y-l protein and Its hgand RA acts as a suppressor of the chondrogenesls m the limb development

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The patterns of chondrogenesis of cells from facial primordia of chick embryos in micromass culture

Cited by 42 publications

References 17 publications

Experimental analysis of Msx‐1 and Msx‐2 gene expression during chick mandibular morphogenesis

Experimental analysis of Msx‐1 and Msx‐2 gene expression during chick mandibular morphogenesis

In vitro analysis of the spatial organization of chondrogenic regions of avian mandibular mesenchyme

Antisense retinoic acid receptor γ‐1 oligonucleotide enhances chondrogenesis of mouse limb mesenchymal cells in vitro

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