The pattern of winter respiratory response to temperature, moisture, and freeze–thaw exposure in <i>Bouteloua gracilis</i> dominated grassland soils of southwestern Alberta

A non‐vented non‐steady state flow‐through chamber and a non‐vented non‐steady state non‐flow‐through chamber technique were used to measure CO2 efflux of a young Scots pine forest on a fertile till soil in southern Finland. Soil temperature, soil moisture and soil CO2 concentration were measured concurrently with CO2 efflux for two and a half successive years. The CO2 efflux showed a seasonal pattern, effluxes ranging from low 0.0–0.1 g CO2 m−2 h−1 in winter to peak values of 2.3 g CO2 m−2 h−1 occurring in late June and in July. The daily average effluxes in July measured by flow through chambers were 1.23 and 0.98 g CO2 m−2 h−1 in 1998 and 1999, respectively. The annual accumulated CO2 efflux was 3117 and 3326 g CO2 m−2 in 1998 and 1999, respectively. The spatial variation in CO2 efflux was high (CV 0.18–0.45) and increased with increasing efflux. Soil air CO2 concentration showed similar seasonal pattern the peak concentrations occurring in July–August. The CO2 concentrations ranged from 580 to 780 µmol mol−1 in the humus layer to 13 620–14 470 µmol mol−1 in the C‐horizon. In winter the soil air CO2 concentrations were lower, especially in deeper soil layers. Drought decreased CO2 efflux and soil air CO2 concentration. The in situ comparison on forest soil between the chamber methods showed the non‐flow‐through chamber to give ∼∼50% lower efflux values than that of the flow‐through chamber. When calibrated against known CO2 efflux ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 g CO2 m−2 h−1 generated with a diffusion box method developed by Widén and Lindroth [Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Suecia Silvestria, 2001], the flow‐through chamber gave equal effluxes at the lower end of the calibration range, but overestimated high effluxes by 20%. Non‐flow‐through chamber underestimated the CO2 efflux by 30%.

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“…6). Studies of Coxson & Parkinson (1987) and Kähkönen et al . (2001) have shown that soil microbes can be active down from −7.5 to −5 °C.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Seasonal patterns of soil CO₂ efflux and soil air CO₂ concentration in a Scots pine forest: comparison of two chamber techniques

Pumpanen

Ilvesniemi

Perämäki

et al. 2003

Global Change Biology

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“…During winter, NEE was relatively steady and weakly positive. This observation is consistent with the following suggestions: (1) cold soil temperature (daily mean < 5 °C) may limit root water uptake as well as the stomatal conductance, and thus carbon uptake by the trees (DeLucia, 1986;Day et al, 1991;Sperry, 1993); (2) detectable microbial respiration existed in the soil even below the freezing point (e.g., Coxson and Parkinson, 1987). With the onset of snowmelt in April, NEE became more positive and variable, probably because increasing temperatures after snowmelt caused an increase in microbial respiration and root respiration.…”

Section: Net Ecosystem Co2 Exchangesupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Soil Water Content on Carbon Dioxide Flux at a Sparse-Canopy Forest in the Canadian Boreal Ecosystem

Iwashita¹,

Saigusa²,

Murayama³

et al. 2005

J. Agric. Meteorol.

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“…6). Although cold temperatures limit biological processes (Conant et al, 2011;Nadelhoffer et al, 1991), microbes can remain active well below 0°C (Mikan et al, 2002;Miller et al, 2007), and can survive as long as liquid water films are present (Coxson and Parkinson, 1987); liquid water films have been observed down to −10°C (Romanovsky and Osterkamp, 2000). In the EML catchment, winters are characterized by deep snowpacks that insulate soils to near 0°C (Sickman et al, 2003a), allowing for the metabolism of senesced biomass deposited in the autumn and mineralization/immobilization of nutrients (Taylor and Jones, 1990).…”

Section: Soil P Retentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pools, transformations, and sources of P in high-elevation soils: Implications for nutrient transfer to Sierra Nevada lakes

2014

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In high-elevation lakes of the Sierra Nevada (California), increases in P supply have been inferred from shifts in P to N limitation. To examine factors possibly leading to changes in P supply, we measured pools and transformations in soil P, and developed a long-term mass balance to estimate the contribution of parent material weathering to soil P stocks. Common Sierra Nevada soils were found to not be P-deficient and to be retentive of P due to the influence of Fe-and Al-oxides. Total P averaged 867 μg P g −1 in the top 10 cm of soil (O and A horizons) and 597 μg P g −1 in the 10-60 cm depth (B horizons), of which 70% in A horizons and 60% in B horizons was freely exchangeable or associated with Fe and Al. Weathering of parent material explained 69% of the P found in soils and lost from the catchment since deglaciation, implying that long-term atmospheric P deposition (0.02 kg ha) represented the balance of P inputs (31%) during the past 10,000 years of soil development. During spring snowmelt~27% of the total soil P was transferred between organic and inorganic pools; average inorganic P pools decreased by 232 μg P g −1 , while organic P pools increased by 242 μg P g −1 .Microbial biomass P was highest during winter and decreased six-fold to a minimum in the fall. Interactions between hydrology and biological processes strongly influence the rate of P transfer from catchment soils to lakes.

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The pattern of winter respiratory response to temperature, moisture, and freeze–thaw exposure in Bouteloua gracilis dominated grassland soils of southwestern Alberta

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Seasonal patterns of soil CO₂ efflux and soil air CO₂ concentration in a Scots pine forest: comparison of two chamber techniques

Seasonal patterns of soil CO₂ efflux and soil air CO₂ concentration in a Scots pine forest: comparison of two chamber techniques

Effect of Soil Water Content on Carbon Dioxide Flux at a Sparse-Canopy Forest in the Canadian Boreal Ecosystem

Pools, transformations, and sources of P in high-elevation soils: Implications for nutrient transfer to Sierra Nevada lakes

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The pattern of winter respiratory response to temperature, moisture, and freeze–thaw exposure in Bouteloua gracilis dominated grassland soils of southwestern Alberta

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Seasonal patterns of soil CO2 efflux and soil air CO2 concentration in a Scots pine forest: comparison of two chamber techniques

Seasonal patterns of soil CO2 efflux and soil air CO2 concentration in a Scots pine forest: comparison of two chamber techniques

Effect of Soil Water Content on Carbon Dioxide Flux at a Sparse-Canopy Forest in the Canadian Boreal Ecosystem

Pools, transformations, and sources of P in high-elevation soils: Implications for nutrient transfer to Sierra Nevada lakes

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Seasonal patterns of soil CO₂ efflux and soil air CO₂ concentration in a Scots pine forest: comparison of two chamber techniques

Seasonal patterns of soil CO₂ efflux and soil air CO₂ concentration in a Scots pine forest: comparison of two chamber techniques