The pattern of human papillomavirus infection and genotypes among Nigerian women from 1999 to 2019: a systematic review

Abstract

Background: There are no robust national prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in Nigerian women despite the high burden of cervical cancer morbidity and mortality. The objective of study: This study aims to determine the pooled prevalence and risk factors of genital HPV infection in Nigeria through a systemic review protocol. Methods: Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and AJOL were searched between 10 April to 28 July 2020. HPV studies on Nigerian females and published from April 1999 to March 2019 were included. GRADE was used to assess the quality of evidence. Results: The pooled prevalence of cervical HPV was 20.65% (95%CI: 19.7-21.7). Genotypes 31 (70.8%), 35 (69.9%) and 16 (52.9%) were the most predominant HPV in circulation. Of the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria, northeast had the highest pooled prevalence of HPV infection (48.1%), while the least was in the north-west (6.8%). After multivariate logistic regression, duration (years) of sexual exposure (OR ¼ 3.24, 95%CI: 1.78-9.23]), history of other malignancies (OR ¼ 1.93, 95%CI: 1.03-2.97]), history of sexually transmitted infection (OR ¼ 2.45, 95% CI: 1.31-3.55]), coital frequency per week (OR ¼ 5.11, 95%CI: 3.86-14.29), the status of circumcision of the sexual partner (OR ¼ 2.71, 95%CI: 1.62-9.05), and marital status (OR ¼ 1.72, 95%CI: 1.16-4.72), were significant risk factors of HPV infection (p < 0.05). Irregular menstruation, postcoital bleeding and abdominal vaginal discharge were significantly associated with HPV infection (p < 0.05). Conclusion: HPV prevalence is high in Nigeria and was significantly associated with several associated risk factors. Rapid screening for high-risk HPV genotypes is recommended and multivalent HPV vaccines should be considered for women.

High-risk human papillomavirus genotype distribution among women with gynecology complaints in northwest Ethiopia

“…For instance, HPV16 is not the first-ranked genotype from cervical samples in Kenya [53], Togo [51,56], and Nigeria [22]. According to studies, not only HPV16 but also HPV18 is not that important in some African countries [51,56].…”

“…HPV types differ by geographical location and the host's background [21]. The burden and heterogeneity in HPV distribution between and among countries and even among specific regions within a country are significantly different [22], which directly influence the HPV-based screening and vaccination approaches. With the advent of HPV HPV-based screening tests and vaccination in Ethiopia, it is crucial to map the distribution of HPV genotypes in areas where there is no previous report.…”

High-risk human papillomavirus infection among Nigerian women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…40 HPV16 is considered the most prominent HPV type in the development of cervical cancer and other HPV-associated malignancies. 41 HPV35 is also an oncogenic HPV type, and is closely related phylogenetically to HPV16. 41 However, data from our review showed that HPV18 was the most prevalent HPV type in our sample of 10,375 women.…”

“…41 HPV35 is also an oncogenic HPV type, and is closely related phylogenetically to HPV16. 41 However, data from our review showed that HPV18 was the most prevalent HPV type in our sample of 10,375 women.…”

Human Papillomavirus Serotypes in Abnormal Cervical Smears in Calabar Cross River State a Cross Sectional Study

“…Even though, HPV 16/18 infections accounted for majority of the disease globally, the presence of HPV 16 to invasive cervical cancer from Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically West Africa is among the lowest worldwide [38].…”