The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 vs. the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression in Assessing Major Depressive Disorder

Ma, Simeng; Yang, Jun; Yang, Bing Xiang; Kang, Lijun; Wang, Peilin; Zhang, Nan; Wang, Wei; Zong, Xiaofen; Wang, Ying; Bai, Hanping; Guo, Qingshan; Yao, Lihua; Li, Fang; Liu, Zhongchun

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.747139

Cited by 33 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Self-reported SCL-90, clinician-related HAM-A, and HAM-D are all widely used mental questionnaires in China, which are reported to have great potency in screening mental health, diagnosing, and estimating mental illness (22)(23)(24). In China, previous studies on SCL-90 focused primarily on students, doctors, nurses, police, and migrant workers, among others (24)(25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potency of psychiatric questionnaires to distinguish major mental disorders in Chinese outpatients

Wang

Zhu²,

Ai³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundConsidering the huge population in China, the available mental health resources are inadequate. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate whether mental questionnaires, serving as auxiliary diagnostic tools, have efficient diagnostic ability in outpatient psychiatric services.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of Chinese psychiatric outpatients. Altogether 1,182, 5,069, and 4,958 records of Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), respectively, were collected from March 2021 to July 2022. The Mann–Whitney U test was applied to subscale scores and total scores of SCL-90, HAM-A, and HAM-D between the two sexes (male and female groups), different age groups, and four diagnostic groups (anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia). Kendall's tau coefficient analysis and machine learning were also conducted in the diagnostic groups.ResultsWe found significant differences in most subscale scores for both age and gender groups. Using the Mann–Whitney U test and Kendall's tau coefficient analysis, we found that there were no statistically significant differences in diseases in total scale scores and nearly all subscale scores. The results of machine learning (ML) showed that for HAM-A, anxiety had a small degree of differentiation with an AUC of 0.56, while other diseases had an AUC close to 0.50. As for HAM-D, bipolar disorder was slightly distinguishable with an AUC of 0.60, while the AUC of other diseases was lower than 0.50. In SCL-90, all diseases had a similar AUC; among them, bipolar disorder had the lowest score, schizophrenia had the highest score, while anxiety and depression both had an AUC of approximately 0.56.ConclusionThis study is the first to conduct wide and comprehensive analyses on the use of these three scales in Chinese outpatient clinics with both traditional statistical approaches and novel machine learning methods. Our results indicated that the univariate subscale scores did not have statistical significance among our four diagnostic groups, which highlights the limit of their practical use by doctors in identifying different mental diseases in Chinese outpatient psychiatric services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potency of psychiatric questionnaires to distinguish major mental disorders in Chinese outpatients

Wang

Zhu²,

Ai³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Finally, clinicians may consider the use of other scales to measure symptoms of depression, such as the Hamilton Depression Rating or Beck Depression Inventory. However, recent studies have suggested that the PHQ-9 is more accurate and reliable in distinguishing the severity of depression when compared with the Hamilton Depression Rating (Ma et al 2021). When the PHQ-9 was compared with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), both scales were virtually interchangeable for assessing symptoms of depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Literacy limitations to psychological evaluation tools: The case of MU

Luo

Ufongene

Weintraub

2022

torture

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In this case, a survivor of torture presentswith symptoms clinically consistent withboth major depressive disorder (MDD)and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).During her evaluation, a validated psychologicalquestionnaire for PTSD was administeredverbally through a translator andaccurately identified this diagnosis. However,a self-administered (read and completed bythe client) questionnaire for MDD vastly underestimatedthe severity of her symptomsand failed to diagnose her with depression.The client had not completed grade school,so it is likely that her literacy level impactedthe accuracy of this questionnaire. This highlightsone of the many limitations that existwhen administering psychological surveys.Through understanding these limitations,forensic evaluators can develop ways toidentify, mitigate, and overcome limitationsof these useful tools.

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“…CIDI’s validity is limited to clinical samples, but a clinical sample overestimates the prevalence of depression compared to a community sample [ 39 ]. Also, PHQ-9 is simple and reliable in measuring the severity of depression and can be used as an alternative to HDRS [ 40 , 41 ]. HDRS has been commonly used to screen depression for a long time but some of its items have limitations in identifying the severity of depression [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression among people with dyspepsia and H. pylori infection: A community based cross-sectional study in Ethiopia

Soboka

Gudina²,

Gashaw³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Background Depression is the most common mental health problem, and frequently associated with physical illnesses. A link between depression, dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has previously been reported. However, there is limited data regarding the association between these conditions from sub-Saharan Africa where they are highly prevalent. Objective This study aimed at elucidating the potential associations between depression, dyspepsia and H. pylori infection in Ethiopia. Methods We conducted a community based cross-sectional study involving urban and rural residents aged 13 years or older in Jimma Zone, southwest Ethiopia. A total of 871 participants were evaluated using a structured case reporting format for symptoms of dyspepsia and the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression. Additionally, participants were assessed for H. pylori infection using stool antigen and serology tests. A multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the association between depression, dyspepsia and H. pylori infection after controlling for potential confounders. Results The prevalence of PHQ-9 scores indicative of probable case of depression among all participants was 10.9%. The prevalence of probable case of depression among patients who had at least one symptom of dyspepsia was 13.3% (X2 = 15.1 = p-value<0.001), while it was 11.9% (X2 = 1.23, p-value = 0.26) among patients who had H. pylori infection. Out of patients who took medications for their heartburn in the past 30 days, 14.9% (X2 = 3.6, p-value = 0.06) had probable case of depression. Dyspepsia symptoms such as epigastric discomfort (aOR = 2.59, 95%CI = 1.14, 5.87), postprandial fullness (aOR = 1.70, 95%CI = 1.48, 5.51), nausea (aOR = 1.71, 95%CI = 1.04, 2.82) excessive belching (aOR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.31, 0.92) were associated with probable case of depression. However, being H. pylori test positive, gender, and age were not associated with probable case of depression. Conclusions There was an increased prevalence of probable case of depression among patients who had dyspepsia symptoms and H. pylori infection. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine possible further determinants of association between symptoms of dyspepsia and probable case of depression.

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The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 vs. the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression in Assessing Major Depressive Disorder

Cited by 33 publications

References 54 publications

The potency of psychiatric questionnaires to distinguish major mental disorders in Chinese outpatients

The potency of psychiatric questionnaires to distinguish major mental disorders in Chinese outpatients

Literacy limitations to psychological evaluation tools: The case of MU

Depression among people with dyspepsia and H. pylori infection: A community based cross-sectional study in Ethiopia

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