The pathways responsible for excitation and inhibition of fastigial neurones

Eccles, John C.; Sabah, Nassir H.; Táboríková, H

doi:10.1007/bf00233396

Cited by 70 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Previous studies have suggested that different components of sensory responses in the DCN result from sequential inputs from the trigeminal nuclei, inferior olive, and cerebral cortex (Armstrong et al 1973(Armstrong et al , 1975bEccles et al 1974), although a possible component of postinhibitory rebound was also mentioned (Armstrong et al 1973). The potential for strong postinhibitory rebounds of DCN neurons was later confirmed in brain slice recordings (Aizenman and Linden 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different combinations and different amplitudes of these response components were present in different neurons, but each neuron showed a stable temporal response pattern. This gave the overall impression that each DCN neuron was tuned to emit a specific response pattern regardless of stimulus condition.Previous studies have suggested that different components of sensory responses in the DCN result from sequential inputs from the trigeminal nuclei, inferior olive, and cerebral cortex (Armstrong et al 1973(Armstrong et al , 1975bEccles et al 1974), although a possible component of postinhibitory rebound was also mentioned (Armstrong et al 1973). The potential for strong postinhibitory rebounds of DCN neurons was later confirmed in brain slice recordings (Aizenman and Linden 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Responses to Tactile Stimulation in Deep Cerebellar Nucleus Neurons Result From Recurrent Activation in Multiple Pathways

Rowland¹,

Jaeger²

2008

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Rowland NC, Jaeger D. Responses to tactile stimulation in deep cerebellar nucleus neurons result from recurrent activation in multiple pathways. J Neurophysiol 99: 704 -717, 2008. First published December 12, 2007; doi:10.1152/jn.01100.2007. In a previous study, we found that neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) respond to 5-ms brief facial tactile stimulation in rats anesthetized with ketaminexylazine with multiphasic response patterns lasting over 200 ms. It remained unclear, however, to what extent these responses were shaped not only by ascending sensory input from the trigeminal nuclei but also by interactions with other major cerebellar afferent systems, in particular the inferior olive (IO) and cerebral cortex. In the present study, we recorded from the IO, cerebral cortex, cerebellar granule cell layer (GCL), and DCN during the presentation of 5-ms facial tactile stimuli to elucidate potential mechanisms of how extended DCN response patterns are generated. We found that tactile stimulation resulted in robust multiphasic local field potentials responses in the IO as well as in the activation of a wide region of the somatosensory cortex (SI) and the primary motor cortex (MI). DCN neurons responded to electrical stimulation of any of these structures (IO, SI, and MI) with complex temporal patterns strikingly similar to air-puff lip stimulation responses. Simultaneous recordings from multiple structures revealed that long-lasting activation patterns elicited in DCN neurons were based on recurrent network activation in particular between the IO and the DCN with a potential contribution of DCN rebound properties. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that sensory stimulation triggers a feedback network activation of cerebellum, IO, and cerebral cortex to generate temporal patterns of activity that may control the timing of behavior. I N T R O D U C T I O NIn the rat, sensory information from the face is conveyed from the trigeminal nuclear complex to the cerebellum through three principal pathways: direct trigeminocerebellar fibers, the inferior olive, and the somatosensory cortex via the basilar pontine nuclei (Waite and Tracey 1995). In a previous study, we demonstrated that stimulation of the orofacial region in anesthetized rats not only activates the cerebellar cortex (Bower and Woolston 1983;Shambes et al. 1978) but also produces reliable strong responses in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) (Rowland and Jaeger 2005). Single units in the DCN responded to 5-ms air-puff stimulation of the lips with multiphasic and extended temporal activity patterns that were mostly invariant to stimulus parameters. These sensory-evoked responses could be described as a combination of three temporal components: a brief excitation comprising one or a few spikes with a mean latency of 10 Ϯ 0.9 (SD) ms, a strong inhibition at a mean latency of 18 Ϯ 1.25 ms, and a second prolonged excitation with a mean latency of 291 Ϯ 13.3 ms. Different combinations and different amplitudes of these response components were ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Responses to Tactile Stimulation in Deep Cerebellar Nucleus Neurons Result From Recurrent Activation in Multiple Pathways

Rowland¹,

Jaeger²

2008

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Whereas the reproducible responses of directly stimulated individual neurons consist of precisely timed single action potentials (APs) or trains of APs under specific conditions (Bryant and Segundo 1976;Mainen and Sejnowski 1995; but see Gal et al 2010), stimulation in recurrent networks elicits multiphasic responses. These typically consist of: 1) a fast excitatory component of precise and reliable firing by antidromic or monosynaptic activation of local neurons with delays between 2 and 20 ms, 2) a transition phase with low activity thought to be mediated by inhibitory neurons, and 3) a delayed excitatory component driven by recurrent polysynaptic activation (Butovas and Schwarz 2003;Eccles et al 1974;Fanselow and Nicolelis 1999;Rowland and Jaeger 2008;Wagenaar et al 2004). More physiological sensory responses induced by, e.g., foot tapping, whisker deflection, or air puffs unfold comparable dynamics in various brain regions of awake and anesthetized animals (Cody et al 1981;Fanselow and Nicolelis 1999;Rowland and Jaeger 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative examination of stimulus-response relations in cortical networks in vitro

Weihberger

Okujeni

Mikkonen

et al. 2013

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Variable responses of neuronal networks to repeated sensory or electrical stimuli reflect the interaction of the stimulus' response with ongoing activity in the brain and its modulation by adaptive mechanisms, such as cognitive context, network state, or cellular excitability and synaptic transmission capability. Here, we focus on reliability, length, delays, and variability of evoked responses with respect to their spatial distribution, interaction with spontaneous activity in the networks, and the contribution of GABAergic inhibition. We identified network-intrinsic principles that underlie the formation and modulation of spontaneous activity and stimulus-response relations with the use of state-dependent stimulation in generic neuronal networks in vitro. The duration of spontaneously recurring network-wide bursts of spikes was best predicted by the length of the preceding interval. Length, delay, and structure of responses to identical stimuli systematically depended on stimulus timing and distance to the stimulation site, which were described by a set of simple functions of spontaneous activity. Response length at proximal recording sites increased with the duration of prestimulus inactivity and was best described by a saturation function y(t) ϭ A(1 Ϫ e Ϫ␣t ). Concomitantly, the delays of polysynaptic late responses at distant sites followed an exponential decay y(t) ϭ Be Ϫ␤t ϩ C. In addition, the speed of propagation was determined by the overall state of the network at the moment of stimulation. Disinhibition increased the number of spikes/network burst and interburst interval length at unchanged gross firing rate, whereas the response modulation by the duration of prestimulus inactivity was preserved. Our data suggest a process of network depression during bursts and subsequent recovery that limit evoked responses following distinct rules. We discuss shortterm synaptic depression due to depletion of neurotransmitter vesicles as an underlying mechanism. The seemingly unreliable patterns of spontaneous activity and stimulus-response relations thus follow a predictable structure determined by the interdependencies of network structures and activity states.

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“…Both electrophysiological (1,8,17) and morphological (7,8,17,34) studies have demonstrated that IOc neurons project to the contralateral cerebellar deep nuclei, especially the FN, directly via the collaterals of climbing fibers or indirectly through the cerebellar Purkinje cells. The rostral FN (FNr) has been well documented to play an important role in cardiorespiratory modulation.…”

Section: Nl N-methyl-d-aspartate) Stimulation Of the Vioc Augmented Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperventilation evoked by activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nucleus depends on the fastigial nucleus in anesthetized rats

Zhuang¹,

Xu²,

Frazier³

2008

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Zhuang J, Xu F, Frazier DT. Hyperventilation evoked by activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nucleus depends on the fastigial nucleus in anesthetized rats. J Appl Physiol 104: 1351-1358, 2008. First published March 20, 2008 doi:10.1152 doi:10. /japplphysiol.00824.2007eral studies have demonstrated that cerebellar deep nuclei, particularly the rostral fastigial nucleus (FNr), are involved in respiratory modulation. These nuclei receive inputs from the contralateral caudal inferior olivary nuclei of the medulla. The objectives of this study were to determine whether electrical and chemical activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nuclei (vIOc) affected respiration and, if true, whether the FNr was involved in the vIOc stimulation-evoked ventilatory responses. Experiments were conducted in 30 anesthetized and spontaneously breathing rats. Our results showed that 1) electrical (25 or 100 A at 10 or 20 Hz for 10 s) and chemical (1 or 100 mM, 25-50 nl N-methyl-D-aspartate) stimulation of the vIOc augmented ventilation predominantly via increasing tidal volume; 2) the responses to the electrical stimulation were almost eliminated by lesion of the contralateral FNr via microinjection of ibotenic acid; and 3) the respiratory responses to electrical stimulation in the vicinity of the rostral IO were 65-70% smaller compared with that evoked by vIOc stimulation. These findings strongly suggest that vIOc neurons play a significant role in modulation of respiratory activity, largely depending on their projections to the FNr. cerebellum; sudden infant death syndrome; inferior olive projections; hypertension THE INFERIOR OLIVARY NUCLEUS (IO), a nucleic complex located ventromedially in the medulla oblongata, has been amply documented to play important roles in motor functions, e.g., motor coordination and motor learning (2, 14) and visceral renal functions (28,40). Recent evidence from clinical observations has implied a possible IO involvement in cardiorespiratory dysfunction. First, victims of sudden infant death syndrome, a sleep apnea syndrome precipitated by defective control of involuntary respiration, often show neurotransmitter receptor deficiencies (10), developmental abnormalities (16), and prominent neuropathological changes in the IO (15). Second, a specific neuronal loss in the IO was found in infants with severe perinatal asphyxia (36). Third, a tremendous alteration of c-Fos immunoreactivity was found in the IO of asphyxia rather than nonasphyxia cases, with the effects more specific than in any other region related to respiration (29). Expression of the fos gene in neuronal nuclei has been proposed to reflect second-messenger activation and, hence, serves as a sensitive indicator of cellular responses induced by various stimuli. In concert with the clinical observations, the possible role of the caudal IO (IOc) in cardiorespiratory modulation has also been reported in animals. For example, electrical stimulation to the IOc was reported to cause an apnea in anesthetized cats ...

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The pathways responsible for excitation and inhibition of fastigial neurones

Cited by 70 publications

References 35 publications

Responses to Tactile Stimulation in Deep Cerebellar Nucleus Neurons Result From Recurrent Activation in Multiple Pathways

Responses to Tactile Stimulation in Deep Cerebellar Nucleus Neurons Result From Recurrent Activation in Multiple Pathways

Quantitative examination of stimulus-response relations in cortical networks in vitro

Hyperventilation evoked by activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nucleus depends on the fastigial nucleus in anesthetized rats

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