The Pathways between Cortisol-Related Regulation Genes and PTSD Psychotherapy

Castro-Vale, Ivone; Carvalho, Davide

doi:10.3390/healthcare8040376

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 213 publications

(355 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, lower levels of GCs may result in facilitated retrieval of traumatic information and long-term failure to extinguish traumatic memories. Together these effects constitute one hypothesis for PTSD pathophysiology [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene (NR3C1) 9β SNP Is Associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

et al. 2021

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with glucocorticoid (GC) hypersensitivity. Although genetic factors account for 30–46% of the variance in PTSD, no associations have been found between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the GC receptor (GR) gene (NR3C1) and risk for this disorder. We studied the association of five SNPs in the GR gene (rs10052957, rs6189/rs6190, rs6195, rs41423247, and rs6198) and haplotypes with PTSD, in a group of Portuguese male war veterans (33 with lifetime PTSD, 28 without). To determine whether the 9β SNP (rs6198) was associated with chronically altered cortisol levels, we evaluated hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) in a sample of 69 veterans’ offspring. The 9β variant (G allele) was significantly associated with lifetime PTSD under a dominant model of inheritance. The 9β variant was also significantly associated with severity of current PTSD symptoms. The haplotype analysis revealed an association between a common haplotype comprising the 9β risk allele and lifetime PTSD. Carriers of the 9β risk allele had significantly lower HCC than non-carriers. We found the 9β risk allele and a haplotype comprising the 9β risk allele of the GR gene to be associated with PTSD in veterans. This 9β risk allele was also associated with lower HCC in their offspring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene (NR3C1) 9β SNP Is Associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

et al. 2021

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“…Such changes have already been documented for interventions such as meditation ( Kaliman, 2019 ) and psychological therapies ( Roberts et al, 2015 ; Kumsta, 2019 ), and may prove useful in identifying those who would best profit from such approaches. Beneficial epigenetic changes in GR genes have also been observed in response to psychological interventions in patients with PTSD ( Castro-Vale and Carvalho, 2020 ). It has also been observed that a phytochemical product, dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA), promotes stress resilience in mice by inhibiting DNA methylation of the interleukin-6 gene ( IL6 ; Wang et al, 2018 ) though such a finding requires replication and testing in human subjects, it represents a promising future intervention strategy for healthcare workers.…”

Section: Key Research Areas In the Neurobiology Of Resilience And Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Provision of early specific trauma-related counseling to frontline healthcare workers, or those showing early signs of traumatic stress while on COVID-19 duty ( Castro-Vale and Carvalho, 2020 ).…”

Section: Key Research Areas In the Neurobiology Of Resilience And Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing the Neurobiology of Resilience to Protect the Mental Well-Being of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Rajkumar

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Healthcare workers are at a high risk of psychological morbidity in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is significant variability in the impact of this crisis on individual healthcare workers, which can be best explained through an appreciation of the construct of resilience. Broadly speaking, resilience refers to the ability to successfully adapt to stressful or traumatic events, and thus plays a key role in determining mental health outcomes following exposure to such events. A proper understanding of resilience is vital in enabling a shift from a reactive to a proactive approach for protecting and promoting the mental well-being of healthcare workers. Research in the past decade has identified six areas that provide promising leads in understanding the biological basis of individual variations in resilience. These are: (1) the key role played by the monoamines noradrenaline and serotonin, (2) the centrality of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in influencing stress vulnerability and resilience, (3) the intimate links between the immune system and stress sensitivity, (4) the role of epigenetic modulation of gene expression in influencing the stress response, (5) the role played by certain neuropeptides as a natural “brake” mechanism in the face of stress, and (6) the neurobiological mechanisms by which environmental factors, such as exercise, diet, and social support, influence resilience to subsequent life events. Though much of this research is still in its early stages, it has already provided valuable information on which strategies – including dietary changes, lifestyle modification, environmental modification, psychosocial interventions, and even pharmacological treatments – may prove to be useful in fostering resilience in individuals and groups. This paper examines the above evidence more closely, with a specific focus on the challenges faced by healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, and provides suggestions regarding how it may be translated into real-world interventions, as well as how the more tentative hypotheses advanced in this field may be tested during this critical period.

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“…After a stress-induced release of cortisol, the GR binds to the latter and moves to the nucleus, where it can function as a transcription factor or as a regulator of other transcription factors [75,76]. A correlation has been demonstrated between the presence of various polymorphisms of the NR3C1 gene and the response of the HPA axis to psychosocial stress [77,78]. Predeployment GR pathway components are factors predisposing to severe symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder [79].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Common Alleles of Some Stress Resilience Genes among Adolescents Born in Different Periods Relative to the Socioeconomic Crisis of the 1990s in Russia

Михайлова

Ivanoshchuk

Yushkevich

et al. 2022

CIMB

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Social stress is common among people and is considered one of the causes of the declining birth rate. Predisposition to stress and stress-induced disorders is largely determined genetically. We hypothesized that due to differences in stress resistance, carriers of different genetic variants of genes associated with stress resilience and stress-induced diseases may have dissimilar numbers of offspring under conditions of long-term social stress. To test this hypothesis, a comparative analysis of frequencies of seven common polymorphic regions [exon 3 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) of the DRD4 gene, rs4680 of COMT, STin2 VNTR and the 5-HTTLPR (rs774676466) insertion/deletion polymorphism of SLC6A4, rs4570625 of TPH2, rs6265 of BDNF, and rs258747 of NR3C1] was performed on standardized groups of randomly selected adolescents born before, during, and after severe socioeconomic deprivation (the crisis of the 1990s in Russia). There were significant differences in frequencies of “long” alleles of the DRD4 gene (p = 0.020, χ2 = 5.492) and rs4680 (p = 0.022, χ2 = 5.289) in the “crisis” group as compared to the combined “noncrisis” population. It is possible that the dopaminergic system had an impact on the successful adaptation of a person to social stress.

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The Pathways between Cortisol-Related Regulation Genes and PTSD Psychotherapy

Cited by 17 publications

References 213 publications

The Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene (NR3C1) 9β SNP Is Associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

The Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene (NR3C1) 9β SNP Is Associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Harnessing the Neurobiology of Resilience to Protect the Mental Well-Being of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Prevalence of Common Alleles of Some Stress Resilience Genes among Adolescents Born in Different Periods Relative to the Socioeconomic Crisis of the 1990s in Russia

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