The pathophysiology of body dysmorphic disorder

Feusner, Jamie D.; Yaryura-Tobias, José A.; Saxena, Sanjaya

doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.11.002

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…The pathogenesis stems from an imbalance in the hemispheric, limbic system and frontal-subcortical circuit processing [9]. This condition can only be treated by psychiatric means: either serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors or cognitive-behavioural therapy [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Features in Patients Undergoing Cosmetic Procedures at the National Skin Centre, Singapore

Hsu

Juma

Goh³

2009

Dermatology

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Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterised by an obsessive preoccupation with a slight defect in appearance, and recognition is essential. Objective: To screen by a previously developed questionnaire the prevalence of BDD in an aesthetics clinic in Singapore. This questionnaire has a positive predictive value of 70% and a negative predictive value of 100%; patients answering that they were preoccupied with their appearance and having answered ‘yes’ in part A, answered 8 further questions (part B) grading the degree of distress (B4) and impairment (B5) of social functioning. Methods: The questionnaire was given to 396 patients: 198 attending Mandalay Aesthetics Clinic and 198 controls at a general outpatient clinic. The screen was considered suggestive of BDD if the patients: were preoccupied by their defect (question A) and qualified the degree of stress (question B4) or impairment of functioning (question B5) as moderate to severe. Results: 58.1% of patients undergoing cosmetic procedures answered ‘yes’ to question A (odds ratio = 18.21, 95% confidence interval = 9.87–33.59). 41.74 and 26.96% of those qualified the distress (question B4) and impairment (question B5) as moderate to severe. Conclusion: A calculated prevalence of 29.4% in an aesthetics centre warrants systematic screening for BDD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Features in Patients Undergoing Cosmetic Procedures at the National Skin Centre, Singapore

Hsu

Juma

Goh³

2009

Dermatology

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“…Olfactory reference syndrome has been described as a discrete syndrome or disorder across many cultures for more than a century. 19,35 In DSM-5, olfactory reference syndrome is now mentioned as an example of not otherwise specified on the OCRD section, but has not been given a separate diagnosis. The argument for classifying olfactory reference disorder in the OCRD section involves: a) their similarity in phenomenology in terms of preoccupation and repetitive behaviors; b) the fact that OCD is a common comorbid condition for people with olfactory reference disorder 36 ; c) the fact that patients are more likely to receive a trial of pharmacological and psychological treatment used for OCRD rather than for a delusional disorder; that d) although the diagnosis appears uncommon, like BDD, patients may be highly ashamed of their symptoms and present with more acceptable symptoms, such as depression, OCD, or social anxiety 7,8 (when a separate diagnosis is available, this raises awareness of the condition and the likelihood of asking specific questions about olfactory reference disorder); and that e) a separate diagnosis will encourage auditing and research into the condition and better clinical care for such patients.…”

Section: Olfactory Reference Disorder In Icd-10 and Dsmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body dysmorphic disorder and olfactory reference disorder: proposals for ICD-11

Veale

Matsunaga

2014

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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The article reviews the historical background and symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and olfactory reference disorder, and describes the proposals of the WHO ICD-11 Working Group on the Classification of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders related to these categories. This paper examines the possible classification of BDD symptoms in ICD-10. Four different possible diagnoses are found (hypochondriacal disorder, schizotypal disorder, delusional disorder, or other persistent delusional disorder). This has led to significant confusion and lack of clear identification in ICD-10. Olfactory reference disorder can also be classified as a delusional disorder in ICD-10, but there is no diagnosis for non-delusional cases. The Working Group reviewed the classification and diagnostic criteria of BDD in DSM-5, as well as cultural variations of BDD and olfactory reference disorder that include Taijin Kyofusho. The Working Group has proposed the inclusion of both BDD and olfactory reference disorder in ICD-11, and has provided diagnostic guidelines and guidance on differential diagnosis. The Working Group's proposals for ICD-11 related to BDD and olfactory reference disorder are consistent with available global evidence and current understanding of common mechanisms in obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and resolve considerable confusion inherent in ICD-10. The proposals explicitly recognize cultural factors. They are intended to improve clinical utility related to appropriate identification, treatment, and resource allocation related to these disorders.

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“…Il existe des études des anomalies du traitement des perceptions et des émotions, ainsi que des troubles de la mémoire, des patients BDD (pour revue voir [91]). Leurs résultats suggè-rent des dysfonctions cérébrales dans les régions impliquées dans les fonctions étudiées.…”

Section: Neuropsychologieunclassified