The Pathoparasitology of Nonhuman Primates: A Review

Toft, Jason D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4918-4_45

Cited by 33 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 356 publications

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“…The human parasite is very similar to P. reichenowi, which occurs in west, central, and east tropical Africa, and affects gorillas and chimpanzees [Töft, 1986]. The several species of Plasmodium that affect great apes are generally considered to be mildly pathogenic; however, few details have been reported for wild individuals [Toft, 1986]. No symptom that could be related to malaria was detected in the chimpanzees in the present study; however, a more accurate diagnosis is needed to detect discrete symptoms.…”

Section: Regular Presence Of Bioactive Compounds In the Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive properties of plant species ingested by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Kibale National Park, Uganda

et al. 2006

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We measured the biological activities of a selected sample (84 crude extracts) of 24 species eaten by wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Kibale National Park, western Uganda, to assess their potential chemotherapeutic values. Antibacterial, antimalarial, and/or antileishmania activities were observed in some crude extracts, and five of these extracts showed a significant cytotoxicity against human tumor cells. Active compounds isolated from three plant parts occasionally ingested by chimpanzees (Diospyros abyssinica (Ebenaceae) bark, Uvariopsis congensis (Annonaceae) leaves, and Trichilia rubescens (Meliaceae) leaves) showed highly significant medicinal properties. Two novel antiparasitic limonoids were isolated from Trichilia rubescens and their molecular structures were determined. In addition to elucidating the natural equilibrium maintained between hosts and pathogens, our investigation of the diet of wild chimpanzees may serve as a guideline to discovering plants with bioactive properties that should be preserved from destruction because of their health maintenance value for great ape populations.

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Section: Regular Presence Of Bioactive Compounds In the Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive properties of plant species ingested by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Kibale National Park, Uganda

et al. 2006

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“…All gross lesions were analyzed as well, and there were no findings related to the vector (Supplementary Table S10). However, there were a few findings most likely related to the methods of euthanasia, age, and the presence of protozoan parasites, common among wild-caught NHPs (Toft, 1986;Gad, 2006). Protozoa were found in muscle causing protozoan myositis, and in cases where parasites were noted associated with bones (e.g., sternum; Supplementary Table S10), they were located in the muscle tissue attached to the bone.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrapleural Administration of an AAVrh.10 Vector Coding for Human α1-Antitrypsin for the Treatment of α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency

ChiuchioloMaria

Kaminsky

SondhiDolan

et al. 2013

Human Gene Therapy Clinical Development

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Alpha-1 antitrypsin (α1AT) deficiency is a common autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a marked reduction in serum α1AT levels, lung and liver disease. α1AT is mainly produced and secreted by hepatocytes, with its primary function to protect the lung against the proteolytic activity of neutrophil elastase. Serum α1AT levels <11 μM are associated with progressive destruction of lung parenchyma and early-onset of panacinar emphysema in the age range 35-45. The current approved treatment for α1AT deficiency is a costly protein augmentation therapy requiring weekly intravenous infusion of purified α1AT from pooled human plasma. Gene therapy offers the advantage of a single vector administration, eliminating the burden of the repeated purified protein infusions, with the consequent reduced overall drug cost and improved compliance. We have developed a novel, highly efficient gene therapy approach for α1AT deficiency based on the administration of AAVrh.10hα1AT, an adeno-associated viral vector serotype rh.10 coding for normal M-type human α1AT via the intrapleural route. On the basis of prior murine studies, this approach provides sustained α1AT proximal to the lung with a highly efficient vector. In support of a clinical trial for this approach, we carried out a study to assess the safety of intrapleural administration of AAVrh.10hα1AT to 280 mice and 36 nonhuman primates. The data demonstrate that this approach is safe, with no toxicity issues. Importantly, there was persistent expression of the human α1AT mRNA in chest cavity cells for the duration of the study (6 months in mice and 1 year in nonhuman primates). Together, these data support the initiation of a clinical trial of intrapleural human AAVrh.10hα1AT for the treatment of α1AT deficiency.

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“…In addition to viruses, other organisms have been recognized in nonhuman primates: bacteria (Brede and Murphy 1968;McClure and others 1986), parasites (Toft 1986), and fungi (Migaki 1986). These agents may have a detrimental effect on nonhuman primates especially in the colony habitat.…”

Section: Nonhuman Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%