The pathology of oral cancer and precancer

Speight, Paul M.; Farthing, Paula M.; Bouquot, Jerry E.

doi:10.1016/s0968-6053(05)80014-6

Cited by 92 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Neoplasms discovered when small, could result in substantial cost savings for the Health Service. Early diagnosis of lesions that are smaller than 2.0 cm (Stage I) have a good prognosis 10,11 and since 20% of oral cancer patients get another cancer within a 5-year period 55,56 regular screening in a general practice setting could also detect second, metachronous lesions while they are small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9] The simple fact is that over 60% of all patients present with late lesions when the prognosis is already poor and metastatic spread has already occurred. 6,10,11 Although primary prevention in the form of advice and education about risk factors is important, this is largely ineffectual as evidenced by increased tobacco use in the UK despite knowledge of the risks, and the lack of evidence of effectiveness of mass education programmes in improving oral health. 12 There is clearly a large gap between knowledge and behaviour change.…”

Section: N B R I E Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rationale for this is that oral cancer may be preceded by a clinically detectable potentially malignant lesion (leukoplakia or erythroplakia) or that it may begin as a small, localised, often asymptomatic lesion in the early part of its natural history. 11 If detected when small, these lesions can be treated thus avoiding the notoriously high mortality and morbidity associated with this cancer. It is unlikely however that population screening for oral cancer will ever be instituted.…”

Section: N B R I E Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opportunistic screening for oral cancer and precancer in general dental practice: results of a demonstration study

et al. 2003

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: N B R I E Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: N B R I E Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opportunistic screening for oral cancer and precancer in general dental practice: results of a demonstration study

et al. 2003

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“…The classification based on clinical criteria elaborated in 1972 by the WHO distinguishes a "precancerous lesion (a doi: 10.7243/2052-6199-3-1 morphologically altered tissue in which cancer is more likely to occur than in its apparently normal counterpart)" from a "precancerous condition (a generalized state associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer)" [25]. In the oral cavity, the former includes leukoplakia and erythroplakia ( Table 3).…”

Section: Oral Premalignancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Preneoplasia and carcinogenesis of the oral cavity

Watanabe¹,

Ohkubo²,

Shimizu³

et al. 2015

Oncol Discov

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Oral cancer, ranking sixth in the cancer incidence worldwide, is one of the most common neoplasms. Preneoplastic or premalignant (precancerous) lesions are lesions that can potentially transform into malignancy in a variety of tissues, including the oral cavity. Such oral lesions may be caused by tobacco use, exposure to the human papillomavirus and chewing of the betel nut. These substances contain carcinogens and/or tumor promoters. The mucosa of the oral cavity is covered with squamous epithelium and is relatively resistant to injury. However, exposure to these substances can cause the mucosa to undergo changes. The changes are usually initiated by a leukoplakic patch. While some leukoplakic patches recover and resolve, others progress to squamous cell carcinoma with or without invasion. Other premalignant lesions include oral submucous fibrosis, which is a potentially malignant condition caused by the abuse of the betel nut. Understanding the histology, premalignant states and molecular mechanisms of oral carcinogenesis may facilitate the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of oral cancer. In addition, early detection is of critical importance to improve the survival rates of patients with oral cancer. In this review, we will summarize these aspects of oral cancer development, beginning from the histology of the oral cavity.

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“…2 In India almost all oral cancers originate from leukoplakias. 3 Secondary prevention is aimed at the early recognition of oral cancer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental service use and the implications for oral cancer screening in a sample of Bangladeshi adult medical care users living in Tower Hamlets, UK

Pearson¹,

Croucher²,

Marcenes³

et al. 1999

Br Dent J

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517RESEARCH dental public health may arise de novo although in high prevalence areas such as Southern Asia it is usually preceded by a so-called precancerous lesion -a red (erythroplakia) or a white (leukoplakia) patch. 2 In India almost all oral cancers originate from leukoplakias. 3 Secondary prevention is aimed at the early recognition of oral cancer. Treatment of precancerous or small (less than 2 cm) lesions results in an improved prognosis and causes limited morbidity. 4 The UK Working Group on Screening for Oral Cancer and Precancer 5 recommended that screening for oral cancer should form part of a general oral examination by dentists and that all adults should be encouraged to attend for annual check ups. However, several studies have shown that among most minority ethnic groups there is a symptom oriented view in relation to use of dental services. [6][7][8] In India and other South Asian countries oral cancer is the most common cancer accounting for over 40% of all malignancies. 9 Relative frequency is high in Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. 10 Paan (betel quid) chewing with tobacco and smoking is associated with an increased risk of oral cancer 11,12 although a recent study 13 found that areca nut chewing by itself was carcinogenic. Paan chewing has a long history in South Asian communities and it is associated with many social and religious traditions. 14 The method and usage of the constituents of paan varies between countries, communities and individuals. Three principal ingredients, a leaf of the betel vine (Piper betle), areca nut and lime are necessary for the term paan to be used. Tobacco is frequently added to the paan quid. Within the UK, paan chewing is practised within Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi communities. 15 Recent investigations into paan chewing in the UK have found that the habit is very widespread among Bangladeshis. [15][16][17] These issues emphasize the need for more information on the use of dental services, barriers to the uptake of dental care, attitudes to regular dental examinations, and the paan and tobacco habits among Asians living in the UK.Research into the health of ethnic minority groups is often restricted by methodological difficulties. 18 The most practical and efficient means reported in the literature of identifying a sample has been the use of general medical practices, 8,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25] especially as it has been estimated 26 that only 2% of 'black' and 'Asian' groups were not registered with a general practice in inner London. This approach circumvents the lack of a sampling frame needed for a random sample and the expense of using the address or electoral register to identify ethnic minority members.Aim To assess the use of dental services, barriers to uptake of dental care and attitudes to regular dental examinations and the prevalence of tobacco and paan chewing habits in a group of Bangladeshi medical care users. Design Multi-centre cross-sectional study. Setting Four general medical practices' waiting areas in Tower Hamlets. Subjects Ba...

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The pathology of oral cancer and precancer

Cited by 92 publications

References 23 publications

Opportunistic screening for oral cancer and precancer in general dental practice: results of a demonstration study

Opportunistic screening for oral cancer and precancer in general dental practice: results of a demonstration study

Preneoplasia and carcinogenesis of the oral cavity

Dental service use and the implications for oral cancer screening in a sample of Bangladeshi adult medical care users living in Tower Hamlets, UK

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