The pathogenicity of Staphylococcus epidermidis on the intestinal organs of rats and mice: an experimental investigation

Akinkunmi, Ezekiel Olugbenga; Adeyemi, Oluwole Isaac; Igbeneghu, Oluwatoyin A.; Olaniyan, Esther Omowunmi; Omonisi, Abidemi; Lamikanra, Adebayo

doi:10.1186/1471-230x-14-126

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…challenge. Deleterious effects on the liver have also been observed in mice repeatedly challenged with S. epidermidis (32), indicating that chronic or repeated exposure to even at a small dose of this pathogen may significantly impact the usual harmless character of this bacterium. However, rare liver abscesses due to S. epidermidis infection have also been reported in human patients (33)(34)(35)(36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly- N -Acetylglucosamine Production by Staphylococcus epidermidis Cells Increases Their In Vivo Proinflammatory Effect

et al. 2016

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Staphylococcus epidermidis is a commensal bacterium of human skin and mucous membranes (1). The ability to establish biofilms on the surfaces of indwelling medical devices is a major virulence mechanism of this bacterium, which is the most commonly isolated etiological agent of nosocomial infections (2). S. epidermidis biofilm formation involves initial cellular adherence to a surface, followed by intercellular aggregation and accumulation in multilayer cell clusters (1). This process is dependent on adhesive extracellular molecules (3) such as poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG). PNAG is a major factor mediating cell-to-cell adhesion in staphylococci (4, 5), and its production depends on genes encoded within the intercellular adhesion (ica) locus (6). The final stage of the biofilm life cycle comprises cell disassembly and subsequent growth in a planktonic mode, a process contributing to S. epidermidis biofilm pathogenesis by disseminating infection (7).S. epidermidis strains with impaired PNAG production display attenuated virulence in foreign body infection models (8, 9), while the production of this polysaccharide conferred a survival advantage on this bacterium infecting the nematode host Caenorhabditis elegans (10). Moreover, ica mutants display growth attenuation when competing in vivo with the corresponding wild-type (WT) strains (11) and commensal ica-negative strains became invasive when transformed with a plasmid containing the ica locus (12). In the clinical setting, the presence of icaA/D genes was associated with therapeutic failure in device-related infections with coagulase-negative staphylococci (13). Despite the observed association of PNAG production with S. epidermidis virulence, it is not entirely clear how this polysaccharide may affect the host immune response. Previous reports have shown that PNAG stimulates the production of proinflammatory mediators (14, 15) but also that it impairs phagocytosis and phagocyte-mediated bacterial killing (16-18). Additionally, little is known about the effects of this polysaccharide on acquired immunity. Here, by using the PNAG-producing S. epidermidis 9142 strain and a PNAG-negative isogenic M10 mutant, we have addressed in the murine model how this polysaccharide affected the host inflammatory response. The results obtained show that mice infected with a PNAG-producing S. epidermidis strain exhibited a more intense inflammatory response than mice infected with an isogenic PNAG-negative mutant. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacteria and growth conditions. Biofilm-forming S. epidermidis strain 9142 (19) and the isogenic PNAG-negative M10 mutant (5) were used. Absence of growth defects in the M10 strain was confirmed, as the two strains had similar generation times, as determined by growing 9142 and M10 bacteria in tryptic soy broth (TSB; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly- N -Acetylglucosamine Production by Staphylococcus epidermidis Cells Increases Their In Vivo Proinflammatory Effect

et al. 2016

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“…Адгезивні властивості можна розглядати як фактор конкуренції умовно-патогенних мікрорганізмів із представниками нормальної мікробіоти, оскільки вдале закріплення у біотопі дозволяє досягти певного популяційного рівня (Buharin, 2009). Прояв адгезивних властивостей залежить здебільшого від бактерії, а також може контролюватися макроорганізмом (Akinkunmi et al, 2014). З боку останньогоце реакція специфічних і неспецифічних механізмів місцевого імунітету, наприклад, секреторних антитіл, лізоциму тощо, а також за рахунок наявності на поверхні клітин структур, здатних взаємодіяти з адгезинами, наприклад, такого білка як фібронектин, що викликає формування плівки (Murashkin et al, 2012).…”

Section: результати та їх обговоренняunclassified

Adhesive properties of film-forming strains of staphylococci, isolated from different compartments of the human gastrointestinal tract

Шевченко¹,

Hovorukha²,

Voronkova³

et al. 2017

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Dysbiotic disorders, realized as changes in the composition of microbiota of different biotopes, are among the most difficult conditions to cure. This is due primarily to the fact that opportunistic microorganisms that actually mediate the development of such states are characterized by an increased colonization potential, which at the first stage of penetration into a biotope is realized as adhesion to the cell surface. When a microorganism successfully realises this stage it enters into a competitive relationship with the autochthonous flora and begins to inhibit its development. Such strategy becomes especially successful if the colonist has the ability to form a biofilm. It is known that the initial stage of biofilm formation is adhesion onto the surface, therefore, the study of adhesive properties of clinical strains opens the way for understanding the initial processes of development of dysbiosis and allows for the development of preventive measures. The aim of our research was to investigate the differences in the manifestation of adhesive properties of film-forming strains of staphylococci isolated from different compartments of the human gastrointestinal tract. We established that the frequency of detection of film-forming strains of staphylococci in different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract in the norm or during the development of lesions was for Staphylococcus aureus from 23.8% to 79.4%, and for S. epidermidis from 15.4% to 100%, which indicates the significant role of these microorganisms in the development of complications at the specified biotope. It was determined that the maximal manifestation of adhesive properties was typical for biofilm-forming strains of S. epidermidis and S. aureus isolated during intestinal dysbiosis. The average values of the adhesion index were 6.00 ± 1.41 and 5.88 ± 2.22 and the index of adhesion of microorganisms was 6.61 ± 1.46 and 6.64 ± 2.48 respectively. The lowest value of these indices for film-forming strains was determined for strains of staphylococci isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of patients suffering from food poisoning – 2.60 ± 1.14 and 2.86 ± 1.23 respectively. The obtained data suggest that the ability for biofilm-formation and a high level of adhesion indexes indicate with a high probability that a strain will cause long-lasting lesions, such as dysbiosis. The determination of these markers at the diagnostic stage will allow a broader study of the biological properties of the strain, which may be the basis for the development of an individual, optimal therapeutic scheme that conforms with the tasks of personalized medicine.

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“…Staphylococcus epidermidis is a member of the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), considered a commensal and frequently found as a component of the human microbiome. S. epidermidis has been also identified as a nosocomial pathogen responsible for antibiotic resistant infections, isolated from catheters, bloodstream, prosthetic joints, ocular, and mastitis infections (Akinkunmi et al, 2014). This bacterium is highly adaptive and can associate with diverse hosts, including sheep, rodents, and plants (Chaudhry and Patil, 2016;Silverman et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the range of ecological niches, there is a pointed lack of comparative and evolutionary studies of ecologically diverse S. epidermidis isolates (Chaudhry and Patil, 2016). Within the human body, S. epidermidis has been found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (Akinkunmi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some lineages of S. epidermidis can cause infections, a phenomenon which has been associated with an increased density of antimicrobial resistance and virulence-related genes in the genomes of those disease-causing lineages (Soeorg et al, 2017). Such S. epidermidis have been shown to cause pathological changes in the kidney and liver of rats and mice, among other organs (Akinkunmi et al, 2014). Other features associated with the ability of S. epidermidis to colonize include lipase activity, as this species is found mainly in lipid-rich regions (gut, skin, milk, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Fecal Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates Suggests Plasticity to Adapt to Different Human Body Sites

et al. 2020

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Staphylococcus epidermidis is a commensal species that has been increasingly identified as a nosocomial agent. Despite the interest, little is known about the ability of S. epidermidis isolates to adapt to different ecological niches through comparisons at genotype or phenotype levels. One niche where S. epidermidis has been reported is the human gut. Here, we present three S. epidermidis strains isolated from feces and show that they are not phylogenetically distinct from S. epidermidis isolated from other human body sites. Both gut and skin strains harbored multiple genes associated with biofilm formation and showed similar levels of biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. High-throughput physiological tests using the BIOLOG technology showed no major metabolic differences between isolates from stool, skin, or cheese, while an isolate from bovine mastitis showed more phenotypic variation. Gut and skin isolates showed the ability to metabolize glycine-conjugated bile acids and to grow in the presence of bile, but the gut isolates exhibited faster anaerobic growth compared to isolates of skin origin.

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The pathogenicity of Staphylococcus epidermidis on the intestinal organs of rats and mice: an experimental investigation

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Poly- N -Acetylglucosamine Production by Staphylococcus epidermidis Cells Increases Their In Vivo Proinflammatory Effect

Poly- N -Acetylglucosamine Production by Staphylococcus epidermidis Cells Increases Their In Vivo Proinflammatory Effect

Adhesive properties of film-forming strains of staphylococci, isolated from different compartments of the human gastrointestinal tract

Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Fecal Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates Suggests Plasticity to Adapt to Different Human Body Sites

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