The pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas

Levy, Andy; Lightman, Stafford L.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1993.tb02136.x

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Similarly, somatostatin (SS) receptors (SSTRs), which includes five separate subtypes, also have been detected in the pituitary; and SSTR 2 and SSTR 5 mRNA have been demonstrated (46). Given the therapeutic importance of bromocriptine and SS analogs binding to these receptors (47), the presence of these receptors is of clinical interest. Expression of GHRH-R mRNA and TRH-R mRNA in human pituitary and pituitary adenomas also has been reported (48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acids Expression in Nontumorous and Neoplastic Pituitaries¹

Sanno

Qian

et al. 1997

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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In the nontumorous pituitary, GnRH stimulates the release and synthesis of LH and FSH by gonadotroph cells via the GnRH receptor (GnRH-R). Little is known, however, about expression of GnRH and GnRH-R messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in nontumorous pituitary tissue and in adenomas. To learn more about the distribution and regulatory roles of GnRH and its receptor, we investigated the expression of both GnRH and GnRH-R mRNAs in nontumorous human pituitary and in various types of pituitary adenomas using the RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, and in situ hybridization in combination with RT-PCR (in situ RT-PCR). Using RT-PCR, GnRH mRNA was found to be expressed in normal human pituitaries and in all types of adenomas. Similarly, GnRH-R mRNA was expressed in nontumorous human pituitaries and in most, but not all, adenomas. These included 5 gonadotroph adenomas, 6 null cell adenomas, 1 of 2 GH-producing tumors, and 1 of 2 ACTH-producing adenomas, but not in the 2 PRL-producing adenomas examined. In situ hybridization studies showed GnRH and GnRH-R mRNAs in all 3 nontumorous pituitaries and in 12 of 33 (36.4%) and 10 of 33 adenomas (30.3%), respectively. Using an indirect in situ RT-PCR technique to increase the sensitivity of the in situ localization, GnRH and GnRH-R mRNAs were detected in 29 (87.9%) and 25 (75.8%) of 33 adenomas, respectively. This is the first report of the localization of GnRH and GnRH-R mRNAs in individual pituitary adenoma cells using in situ RT-PCR. The frequent expression of GnRH and GnRH-R mRNAs in pituitary cells suggests that GnRH has autocrine/paracrine functions in nontumorous and neoplastic pituitary tissues. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acids Expression in Nontumorous and Neoplastic Pituitaries¹

Sanno

Qian

et al. 1997

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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“…CRH transgenic mice have been found to display high levels of CRH, producing corticotroph hyperplasia [43]. Moreover, high levels of CRH mRNA were demonstrated in 17% of a series of 132 pituitary adenomas [16]. Production of CRH in corticotroph adenoma cells and the associated implications therefore have yet to be elucidated.…”

Section: Expression Of Crh Mrna In Pituitary Corticotroph Adenomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Pituitary Hormone by Human Pituitary Adenoma is under Autocrine and Paracrine Regulation of Hypothalamic Hormones Secreted from Adenoma Cells

Matsuno

Nagashima

Katakami

et al. 2003

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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Two hypotheses, the hypothalamic and pituitary hypotheses, have been suggested concerning the pathogenesis of pituitary adenoma. The recent demonstration of the monoclonality of most human pituitary adenomas has led to wider acceptance of the pituitary hypothesis, which suggests that pituitary adenoma results from monoclonal expansion of a single adenohypophyseal cell with subcellular abnormalities. Meanwhile, the role of hypothalamic hormones in the development of pituitary adenoma has recently attracted the attention of investigators. The present paper discusses the expression of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) in somatotroph adenoma, and corticotropinreleasing hormone (CRH) in corticotroph adenoma. Locally generated hypothalamic hormones and expression of associated receptors in human pituitary adenoma cells play significant roles in autocrine/paracrine regulation of pituitary hormone production.

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“…Prolactinomas can be differentiated based not only on their magnitude, but on their secretory potential as well (Asa, 1988). Most commonly, the larger the tumour, the higher the hyperprolactinaemia, so that in case of microprolactinoma a moderate rise in prolactin levels is to be expected, while in case of macroprolactinoma prolactin levels may rise a few tens, or even a few hundred folds above the referent values (Asa, 1988;Levy and Lightman, 1993). To the effect of treating these tumours, contemporary medicine resorts to pharmacotherapy, surgical treatment and radio-therapy (Braucks et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Phytotherapy on Prolactin Level in Macroprolactinoma Patients

Trogrlić¹,

Trogrlić²,

Trogrlić³

2011

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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The study aims at demonstrating the efficiency of phytotherapy in regulation of prolactin levels in patients diagnosed with pituitary macroprolactinoma. The study made use of workup outcomes submitted by treating healthcare facilities where the patients were first diagnosed with macroprolactinomas based on diagnostic imaging (MRI and/or CT), laboratory workup, and hormone status estimation. The data in reference served as the baseline for a comparative follow-up of phytotherapeutic efficiency in terms of comparison of medical data obtained prior to phytotherapy and those submitted following herbal remedy use. The study displays the results of a five-year follow-up of macroprolactinoma patients undergoing phytotherapy. In well-responding patients, the benefit of phytotherapy in terms of prolactin level putdown can be seen 3-5 months following the phytotherapy commencement. A special attention should be paid to the favourable results obtained with patients who chose to resort to phytotherapy only. The primary outcome measure used to monitor the efficiency of the administered phytotherapy was prolactin level determined prior to, during the course of, and following phytotherapy. Implementation of phytotherapy to the effect of prolactin level regulation in patients diagnosed with macroprolactinoma, represents a completely novel therapeutic approach. The majority of the diseased resorted to phytotherapy once they were left out of any other therapeutic option offered by their treating healthcare facilities. This fact gives a substantial rise to the significance of the results presented herein and justifies the role of phytotherapy in macroprolactinoma-induced hyperprolactinaemia treatment.

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The pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas

Cited by 30 publications

References 121 publications

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acids Expression in Nontumorous and Neoplastic Pituitaries¹

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acids Expression in Nontumorous and Neoplastic Pituitaries¹

Production of Pituitary Hormone by Human Pituitary Adenoma is under Autocrine and Paracrine Regulation of Hypothalamic Hormones Secreted from Adenoma Cells

The Influence of Phytotherapy on Prolactin Level in Macroprolactinoma Patients

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The pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas

Cited by 30 publications

References 121 publications

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acids Expression in Nontumorous and Neoplastic Pituitaries1

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acids Expression in Nontumorous and Neoplastic Pituitaries1

Production of Pituitary Hormone by Human Pituitary Adenoma is under Autocrine and Paracrine Regulation of Hypothalamic Hormones Secreted from Adenoma Cells

The Influence of Phytotherapy on Prolactin Level in Macroprolactinoma Patients

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Product

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Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acids Expression in Nontumorous and Neoplastic Pituitaries¹

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acids Expression in Nontumorous and Neoplastic Pituitaries¹