The pathogenesis of experimental Escherichia coli mastitis in newly calved dairy cows

Hill, Arthur W.; Shears, A.L.; Hibbitt, K. G.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(20)30950-4

Cited by 116 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Corresponding to the increase in milk SCC, a subsequent decline in E. faecium counts from d 4 through 21 was observed. An inverse relationship between neutrophil recruitment and clinical severity has been shown for coliform mastitis (Hill et al, 1979;Vandeputte-Van Messom et al, 1993). Neutrophil influx from the circulation to the mammary gland resulted in bacterial elimination, and the speed at which this process occurs was inversely related to coliform growth (Vandeputte-Van Messom et al, 1993;Shuster et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Experimental challenge of bovine mammary glands with Enterococcus faecium during early and late lactation

Petersson-Wolfe

Wolf

Hogan

2009

Journal of Dairy Science

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Mammary glands of early and late lactation cows were challenged with Enterococcus faecium of bovine origin to determine in vivo pathogenicity and milk somatic cell count (SCC) responses. A total of 20 early lactation and 18 late lactation mammary glands were challenged. Two isolates highly adaptive and 2 isolates poorly adaptive for in vitro growth in mammary secretion were used as challenge strains of bacteria. Challenged quarters of early lactation cows were more susceptible to intramammary infection caused by E. faecium than those of late lactation cows. Intramammary challenge with isolates poorly adaptive for in vitro growth in mammary secretions resulted in 94.7% of quarters infected compared with 36.8% of the quarters infused with the isolates highly adaptive for in vitro growth in mammary secretions. Milk from quarters infused with the isolates poorly adaptive for in vitro growth had higher SCC and bacterial counts compared with quarters challenged with the isolates highly adaptive for in vitro growth. A stage of lactation effect within treatment groups was measured when milk SCC were compared between early and late lactation cows. Milk SCC in uninfused (negative control) quarters were lower in early lactation cows compared with late lactation cows. Conversely, in quarters infused with isolates poorly adaptive for in vitro growth, SCC were higher in early lactation cows compared with late lactation cows on d 2, 3, 4, 15, 16, and 17 postchallenge. In quarters infused with isolates highly adaptive for in vitro growth, SCC response did not differ between early and late lactation cows. In vitro growth of E. faecium in mammary secretion was inversely related to in vivo pathogenicity in the mammary glands of early and late lactation cows.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Experimental challenge of bovine mammary glands with Enterococcus faecium during early and late lactation

Petersson-Wolfe

Wolf

Hogan

2009

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Heyneman et al (1990) demonstrated a direct relationship between the capacity of this neutrophil to produce ROS and the subsequent clinical outcome of experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis. The clinical expression and complications of coliform mastitis around parturition vary remarkably, ranging from clinically severe to moderate and mild (Hill et al, 1979;Hill, 1981;Vandeputte-Van Messom et al, 1993). This is in sharp contrast with the more moderate clinical expression of coliform mastitis during established lactation (Burvenich et al, 1994;Shuster et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylation of selected CpG islands involved in the transcription of myeloperoxidase and superoxide dismutase 2 in neutrophils of periparturient and mid-lactation cows

Boulougouris

Rogiers

Poucke

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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It is generally accepted that intracellular killing of microorganisms by production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the phagosome of the neutrophil is an important arm of innate defense. High-producing dairy cows are prone to periparturient metabolic and infectious diseases. Both myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and ROS production decrease the day of parturition. Several studies have demonstrated changes in the expression of genes involved in, for example, metabolism and defense in the circulating neutrophil during peripartum. In this study, we wanted to further characterize the periparturient neutrophil in terms of its oxidative killing capacity by analyzing the oxidative burst at 3 levels. First, the ROS phenotype was evaluated using chemiluminescence. The cows (sampled within 24 h after parturition and at 135 d in milk) showed a significantly slower production of ROS at parturition. Both primiparous (n = 13) and multiparous (n = 12) cows were included in this study, but parity did not affect the kinetics of ROS production. Second, the expression of 11 genes involved in ROS production was measured in the same cows: cytochrome b-245 α and β chain (CYBA, CYBB; coding for membrane-bound constituents of NADPH oxidase); neutrophil cytosolic factors 1, 2, and 4 (NCF1, NCF2, and NCF4); Rac family small GTPase 1 and 2 (RAC1 and RAC2; coding for regulatory proteins of NADPH oxidase); superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2); catalase (CAT); myeloperoxidase (MPO; coding for enzymes involved in metabolizing downstream ROS); and spleen-associated tyrosine kinase (SYK; involved in signaling). During peripartum, a shift in expression in the oxidative killing pathway was observed, characterized by a downregulation of MPO and a simultaneous upregulation of the genes coding for NADPH oxidase. Third, as total DNA methylation is known to change during pregnancy, we investigated whether the observed differences were due to different methylation patterns. Promotor regions initiate transcription of particular genes; therefore, we analyzed the methylation status in annotated CpG islands of MPO and SOD2, 2 genes with a significant difference in expression between both lactation stages. The differences in methylation of these CpG islands were nonsignificant. High-throughput techniques may be necessary to obtain more detailed information on the total DNA methylation dynamics in bovine neutrophils and increase our understanding of how gene expression is controlled in neutrophils.

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“…in the udder, not only requires adequate Ca-therapy but also use of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors in order to prevent the prostaglanin-mediated effects of endotoxins. Also other authors have discussed the role of endotoxins in the pathogenesis of coliform mastitis although without stressing the possible role of prostaglandins (Eberhart et al 1979, Hill et al 1979, Frost et al, 1980, Frost & Hill 1982, Ver hejden et al 1982. The clinical signs seen in the cows in this study give an indication of endogenous PGE 2 production, but this parameter is in itself unsatisfactory to measure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effekter av endotoxiner på prostaglandin frisättning, lutealfunktion och klinik hos kor.

Fredriksson

1984

Acta Vet Scand

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The pathogenesis of experimental Escherichia coli mastitis in newly calved dairy cows

Cited by 116 publications

References 2 publications

Experimental challenge of bovine mammary glands with Enterococcus faecium during early and late lactation

Experimental challenge of bovine mammary glands with Enterococcus faecium during early and late lactation

Methylation of selected CpG islands involved in the transcription of myeloperoxidase and superoxide dismutase 2 in neutrophils of periparturient and mid-lactation cows

Effekter av endotoxiner på prostaglandin frisättning, lutealfunktion och klinik hos kor.

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