The pathogenesis of anaemia in goats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense or Trypanosoma brucei: Use of the myeloid:erythroid ratio

Biryomumaisho, Savino; Katunguka-Rwakishaya, E.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.08.030

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Anaemia and leucopaenia which are the consistent haematological features in trypanosomiasis (Biryomumaisho et al, 2007) are normocytic normochromic in nature in T. congolense infected cattle (Sadique et al, 2001) with the leucopaenia characterised by neutropaenia, eosinopaenia and lymphopaenia in cats experimentally infected with T. brucei (Nfon, 2000), as well as cattle infected with T. congolense (Biryomumaisho et al, 2007). The haematological aberration could be responsible for the immunosuppression which renders animal more susceptible to secondary infection (Nantulya, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematological, pathological and plasma biochemical changes in rabbits experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense

Takeet¹,

Fagbemi²

2010

Science World Journal

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Chinchilla x New Zealand white cross breed rabbits (N=24)were challenged with strain of T. congolense. The infections were characterized by intermittent pyrexia, undulating parasitaemia, anorexia and emaciation. The major haematological changes observed were anaemia that was macrocytic normochromic at the first week of the infection and later became normochromic normocytic till the end of the experiment and leucopaenia that is characterized by neutropaenia, eosinopaenia and lymphocytosis. Plasma biochemical changes include hypoglycaemia, elevated total protein and plasma cholesterol. There were significant (p<0.05) elevation of Alkaline phospatase (ALP), Aspertate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin and fluctuating changes in the levels of plasma Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and urea. Gross pathological changes include congested and oedematous lungs, mucoid enteritis, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Histopathological changes include mild congestion of the splenic pulp, mild venous congestion of the liver, pulmonary congestion, acute bronchopneumonia, severe emphysema of the lung, and focal centrilobular necrosis and periportal mononuclear cell aggregation in the kidney. This study shed light on the dynamics of haematological alteration and distortion of architectural frame work of various tissues of rabbits experimentally infected with T. congolense and suggested that rabbit is susceptible to T. congolense and could act as reservoir for trypanosomosis of ruminants and domesticated dogs used for hunting.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematological, pathological and plasma biochemical changes in rabbits experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense

Takeet¹,

Fagbemi²

2010

Science World Journal

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“…Additionally, trypanosomiasis may induce anaemia through the direct destruction of red cells infected by the parasites. For example, goats experimentally infected with T. congolense and T. brucei exhibit increased destruction of erythrocytes in the blood by the infecting trypanosomes, leading to reduced haemoglobin levels, despite increased erythrogenesis in response to increased erythrocyte loss 36 . These data and interactions indicate anaemia associated with trypanosomiasis results from a cascade of responses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Role of Cytokines in Trypanosoma brucei-Induced Anaemia: A Review of the Literature

Musaya¹,

Matovu²,

Nyirenda³

et al. 2015

Mal. Med. J

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BackgroundAnaemia is an important complication of trypanosomiasis. The mechanisms through which trypanosomal infection leads to anaemia are poorly defined. A number of studies have implicated inflammatory cytokines, but these data are limited and inconsistent. In this article, we reviewed the published literature on cytokines associated with Trypanosoma brucei infections and their role in the immunopathology leading to anaemia. MethodologyArticles were searched in PubMed through screening of titles and abstracts with no limitation on date of publishing and study design. Articles in English were searched using keywords "African trypanosomiasis", "sleeping sickness", "Trypanosoma brucei", in all possible combinations with "anaemia" and/or "cytokines". ResultsTwelve articles examining cytokines and their role in trypanosomeinduced anaemia were identified out of 1095 originally retrieved from PubMed. None of the articles identified were from human-based studies. A total of eight cytokines were implicated, with four cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-12) showing an association with anaemia. These articles reported that mice lacking TNF-α were able to control anaemia, and that IFN-γ was linked to severe anaemia given its capacity to suppress erythropoiesis, while IL-10 was shown to regulate IFN-γ and TNF-α, providing a balance that was associated with severity of anaemia. IFN-γ and TNF-α have also been reported to work in concert with other factors such as nitric oxide and iron in order to induce anaemia. ConclusionIFN-γ, IL-10, and TNF-α were the three major cytokines identified to be heavily involved in anaemia caused by Trypanosoma brucei infection. The anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, was shown to counter the effects of proinflammatory cytokines in order to balance the severity of anaemia. The mechanism of anaemia is multifactorial and therefore requires further, more elaborate research. Data from human subjects would also shed more light.

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“…At the same time, the anaemia was haemolytic and regenerative as was shown by sharply decreased myeloid: erythroid ratio. In the East African goats, however, the anaemia was severe as shown by a sharp decline of haemoglobin concentration by the 7 th week from 9.2 ± 0.2 g dl -1 pre-infection to 5.4 ± g dl -1 in T. congolense-infected group and from 9.5 ± 0.2 g dl -1 to 5.9 ± 0.1 g dl -1 in goats challenged with T. brucei (Biryomumaisho et al, 2007). At the same time, the anaemia was regenerative, a parameter that was inferred from decreased M:E ratios.…”

Section: Dyshaemopoiesis As a Mechanism Of Anaemia Developmentmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The interpretation of results of M:E ratio should be viewed within the framework of the ratio of erythrocytic to granulocytic cell precursors: if the ratio is equal to one, the implication is the rate of manufacture of granulocytic precursors equals that of erythrocytic precursors. A decrease in the ratio means erythrogenesis exceeds granulopoiesis, a phenomenon that was observed in the Small East African goats (Biryomumaisho et al, 2007). The expectation, however, is that if erythrogenesis was increased, anaemia development would be halted.…”

Section: Dyshaemopoiesis As a Mechanism Of Anaemia Developmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Pathogenesis of Anaemia in African Animal Trypanosomosis

Biryomumaisho¹,

Katunguka-Rwakishaya²

2012

Anemia

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The pathogenesis of anaemia in goats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense or Trypanosoma brucei: Use of the myeloid:erythroid ratio

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Haematological, pathological and plasma biochemical changes in rabbits experimentally infected with <i>Trypanosoma congolense</i>

Haematological, pathological and plasma biochemical changes in rabbits experimentally infected with <i>Trypanosoma congolense</i>

Role of Cytokines in <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i>-Induced Anaemia: A Review of the Literature

The Pathogenesis of Anaemia in African Animal Trypanosomosis

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