The pathogenesis and control of Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis: study models in the mouse

Brouillette, Éric; Malouin, François

doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2004.11.008

Cited by 105 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…As expected, the combination of three mastitis pathogens required a higher concentration of EVCO compared to individual pathogens, with evidence shown in the MBC value of EVCO at 7.5%, mainly due to the presence of S. aureus (ATCC 31885) known to be more difficult to eradicate than other mastitis pathogens, as reported earlier (Brouillette and Malouin, 2005). Results from the time kill study showed the growth of both S. agalactiae (ATCC 12927) and S. dysgalactiae (ATCC 27957) were inhibited within 5 min of incubation time when using 2.5% (v/v) EVCO.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Among these pathogens, S. aureus is one of the most frequent causes of subclinical and clinical bovine mastitis (Leitner et al, 2003;Brouillette and Malouin, 2005). Presently, a few antibiotics, like Amoxicillin, Mastivac, Tretra-Delta LC TM and Penikan, are used as therapeutic drugs for the treatment of bovine mastitis (Leitner et al, 2003;Roberson et al, 2004;Karimuribo et al, 2006;Fadlelmula et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The antimicrobial activity of Enhanced Virgin Coconut Oil (EVCO) on growth of mastitis pathogens

Koh¹,

Long²

2014

MJM

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Aims:The effect of EVCO, containing about 57.48% triglycerides, 26.88% diglycerides, 1.51% monoglycerides and 14.13% free fatty acids, against clinical mastitis pathogens, bought from American Type Cultures Collection (ATCC), was investigated. The present study aims to determine the efficacy of EVCO against three potent mastitis causal agents, namely S. aureus (ATCC 31885), S. agalactiae (ATCC 12927) and S. dysagalactiae (ATCC 27957). Methodology and results:The In-vitro study showed that EVCO can act as a potent agent to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 31885), Streptococcus agalactiae (ATCC 12927) and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (ATCC 27957). A time kill study showed that EVCO at 2.5% is able to kill both Streptococcus spp. (ATCC 12927 & ATCC 27957) in 5 min of incubation time. Among three mastitis pathogens, S. aureus was the most difficult to eradicate and required at least 5% EVCO for 100% inhibition after 30 min of treatment. The In-vivo study on mastitis-induced lactating cows showed the amount of EVCO introduced into the infected mammary gland was considered over dosage; 50% concentration of EVCO was over dosage, even though it reduced the growth of pathogens from 10 4 to 10 0 . The acidic characteristics of EVCO caused the protein in milk to clot and the udders to swell, even after several days of treatment. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The EVCO had shown its antimicrobial efficacy against three potent mastitis causal agents. The amount of EVCO used to treat mastitis-induced cows and the number of treatments applied needed to be reduced to avoid the milk clotting and udders swelling as a result of the acidic characteristics of EVCO.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antimicrobial activity of Enhanced Virgin Coconut Oil (EVCO) on growth of mastitis pathogens

Koh¹,

Long²

2014

MJM

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“…26) was used to evaluate the capacity of c-di-GMP to act as a prophylactic agent. The protocol used here is similar to that described in a previous study (21), except that the c-di-GMP molecule was administered before infection of mammary glands, instead of after, to evaluate its prophylactic capacity.…”

Section: Pretreatment Prophylactic Studies In the Mouse Mastitis Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial c-di-GMP Is an Immunostimulatory Molecule

Karaolis

Means

Yang

et al. 2007

The Journal of Immunology

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202

239

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Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is a bacterial intracellular signaling molecule. We have shown that treatment with exogenous c-di-GMP inhibits Staphylococcus aureus infection in a mouse model. We now report that c-di-GMP is an immodulator and immunostimulatory molecule. Intramammary treatment of mice with c-di-GMP 12 and 6 h before S. aureus challenge gave a protective effect and a 10,000-fold reduction in CFUs in tissues (p < 0.001). Intramuscular vaccination of mice with c-di-GMP coinjected with S. aureus clumping factor A (ClfA) Ag produced serum with significantly higher anti-ClfA IgG Ab titers (p < 0.001) compared with ClfA alone. Intraperitoneal injection of mice with c-di-GMP activated monocyte and granulocyte recruitment. Human immature dendritic cells (DCs) cultured in the presence of c-di-GMP showed increased expression of costimulatory molecules CD80/CD86 and maturation marker CD83, increased MHC class II and cytokines and chemokines such as IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-8, MCP-1, IFN-γ-inducible protein 10, and RANTES, and altered expression of chemokine receptors including CCR1, CCR7, and CXCR4. c-di-GMP-matured DCs demonstrated enhanced T cell stimulatory activity. c-di-GMP activated p38 MAPK in human DCs and ERK phosphorylation in human macrophages. c-di-GMP is stable in human serum. We propose that cyclic dinucleotides like c-di-GMP can be used clinically in humans and animals as an immunomodulator, immune enhancer, immunotherapeutic, immunoprophylactic, or vaccine adjuvant.

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“…Each one received at time zero RPMI in one quarter, 10 g LTA in another one, and 100 g LTA in a third quarter. The infused quarters were aseptically sampled just before infusion after the morning milking, then 4,8,12,16,24,32,48,72 and 96 h post-infusion. At each sampling time up to 24 h post-infusion, the rectal temperature was taken and a clinical examination was performed (appearance of gland and milk).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It poses unsolved problems owing to the long persistence of infections and the poor success rate of treatments with antibiotics [6]. A number of studies have resorted to intramammary infections with S. aureus to explore the host/pathogen interactions in the mammary gland, and a great deal of information has accumulated on the immune and inflammatory responses of ruminants and on the virulence factors of S. aureus [8,9,52]. In spite of their usefulness, experimental infections have two major drawbacks: they are costly because they last long and may result in the culling of the experimental animals, and the complexity of mastitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureuslipoteichoic acid triggers inflammation in the lactating bovine mammary gland

et al. 2008

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-The response of the bovine mammary gland to lipoteichoic acid (LTA), which is a major pathogen-associated molecular pattern of Gram-positive bacteria, was investigated by infusing purified Staphylococcus aureus LTA in the lumen of the gland. LTA was able to induce clinical mastitis at the dose of 100 g/quarter, and a subclinical inflammatory response at 10 g/quarter. The induced inflammation was characterized by a prompt and massive influx of neutrophils in milk. LTA proved to induce strongly the secretion of the chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3 and CXCL8, which target mainly neutrophils. The complement-derived chemoattractant C5a was generated in milk only with the highest dose of LTA (100 g). The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 was induced in milk, but there was very little if any TNF-and no IFN-. The re-assessment of CXCL8 concentrations in milk whey of quarters previously challenged with S. aureus, by using an ELISA designed for bovine CXCL8, showed that this chemokine was induced in milk, contradicting previous reports. Overall, S. aureus LTA elicited mammary inflammatory responses that shared several attributes with S. aureus mastitis. Purified LTA looks promising as a convenient tool to investigate the inflammatory and immune responses of the mammary gland to S. aureus. Staphylococcus aureus / mastitis / cattle / lipoteichoic acid / chemokine

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The pathogenesis and control of Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis: study models in the mouse

Cited by 105 publications

References 67 publications

The antimicrobial activity of Enhanced Virgin Coconut Oil (EVCO) on growth of mastitis pathogens

The antimicrobial activity of Enhanced Virgin Coconut Oil (EVCO) on growth of mastitis pathogens

Bacterial c-di-GMP Is an Immunostimulatory Molecule

Staphylococcus aureuslipoteichoic acid triggers inflammation in the lactating bovine mammary gland

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