The Path to Personalized Medicine

Hamburg, Margaret A.; Collins, Francis S.

doi:10.1056/nejmp1006304

Cited by 1,672 publications

(1,125 citation statements)

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“…7 It has also been argued that PM will improve health-care efficiency and reduce system costs. [8][9][10] Furthermore, it is thought not only that PM will help accelerate the development of new drugs for rare or neglected diseases 11 but also that drugs previously deemed ineffective might find new uses. 7 Often, when PM is promoted to the general public, it is portrayed as representing a "revolution" 12 or part of a "breakthrough" 13,14 in health care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representing a “revolution”: how the popular press has portrayed personalized medicine

Marcon

Bieber

Caulfield

2018

Genetics in Medicine

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representing a “revolution”: how the popular press has portrayed personalized medicine

Marcon

Bieber

Caulfield

2018

Genetics in Medicine

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“…Advances in the field of pharmacogenomics have provided the impetus for personalised dosage forms to suit an individual patient's need (Ginsburg and Willard, 2009;Hamburg and Collins, 2010;Tremblay and Hamet, 2013). In the future it is highly likely that the trend will shift towards the fabrication of unit dosage forms closer to patients; at the point of dispensing, or even at the point of use.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of pharmaceutical excipients to FDM 3D printing for the fabrication of patient-tailored immediate release tablets

Sadia

Sośnicka

Arafat

et al. 2016

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

268

147

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Abstract*Corresponding author: MAlbedAlhnan@uclan.ac.uk This work aims to employ fused deposition modelling 3D printing to fabricate immediate release pharmaceutical tablets with various model drugs. It investigates the addition of nonmelting filler to methacrylic matrix to facilitate FDM 3D printing and explore the impact of i) the nature of filler, ii) compatibility with the gears of the 3D printer and, and iii) polymer: filler ratio on the 3D printing process. A specially developed filament based on pharmaceutically approved methacrylic polymer (Eudragit E) and thermally stable filler, TCP (tribasic calcium phosphate) was optimised. Four model drugs (with different physicochemical properties were included into ready-to-use mechanically stable tablets with immediate release properties. Amongst the investigated fillers in this work, directly compressible lactose, spray-dried lactose and microcrystalline cellulose showed a level of degradation at 135 o C whilst talc and TCP allowed consistent flow of the filament and a successful 3D printing of the tablet. Following the two thermal processes (hot melt extrusion (HME) and fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing), drug contents were 94.22%, 88.53%, 96.51% and 93.04% for 5-ASA, captopril, theophylline and prednisolone respectively. XRPD indicated that a fraction of 5-ASA, theophylline and prednisolone remained in the crystalline form whilst captopril was in amorphous form. By combining the advantages of thermally stable pharmaceutically approved polymers and fillers, this unique approach provides a low cost production method for on demand manufacturing of individualised dosage forms.

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“…This proposes that knowledge of genotype can motivate individuals to make more favourable lifestyle changes towards disease prevention (12) . However, there is a counter argument with the perception that disclosure of genotype risk may promote a fatalistic attitude and decreased selfefficacy (9) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Knowing your genes: does this impact behaviour change?

et al. 2017

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It is postulated that knowledge of genotype may be more powerful than other types of personalised information in terms of motivating behaviour change. However, there is also a danger that disclosure of genetic risk may promote a fatalistic attitude and demotivate individuals. The original concept of personalised nutrition (PN) focused on genotype-based tailored dietary advice; however, PN can also be delivered based on assessment of dietary intake and phenotypic measures. Whilst dietitians currently provide PN advice based on diet and phenotype, genotype-based PN advice is not so readily available. The aim of this review is to examine the evidence for genotype-based personalised information on motivating behaviour change, and factors which may affect the impact of genotype-based personalised advice. Recent findings in PN will also be discussed, with respect to a large European study, Food4Me, which investigated the impact of varying levels of PN advice on motivating behaviour change. The researchers reported that PN advice resulted in greater dietary changes compared with general healthy eating advice, but no additional benefit was observed for PN advice based on phenotype and genotype information. Within Food4Me, work from our group revealed that knowledge of MTHFR genotype did not significantly improve intakes of dietary folate. In general, evidence is weak with regard to genotype-based PN advice. For future work, studies should test the impact of PN advice developed on a strong nutrigenetic evidence base, ensure an appropriate study design for the research question asked, and incorporate behaviour change techniques into the intervention.

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The Path to Personalized Medicine

Cited by 1,672 publications

References 1 publication

Representing a “revolution”: how the popular press has portrayed personalized medicine

Representing a “revolution”: how the popular press has portrayed personalized medicine

Adaptation of pharmaceutical excipients to FDM 3D printing for the fabrication of patient-tailored immediate release tablets

Knowing your genes: does this impact behaviour change?

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