The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis

Benson, A. A.; Bassham, James A.; Calvin, Melvin; Hall, Alexander; Hirsch, Hilde E.; Kawaguchi, Shinichi; Lynch, Victoria H.; Tolbert, N. E.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52402-4

Cited by 123 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Methyl ethers of hexoses were separated in (i) 2-butanone-water (88.7:11.3) saturated with Borax (Dutton and Tanaka, 1962); (k) pyridine-ethyl acetate-glacial acetic acid-water (5:5:1:3) was used in chromatography of the uronic acids after the tank had been saturated with pyridine-ethyl acetate-water (11:40:6) (Fischer and Dorfel, 1955). The developed chromatograms were stained for carbohydrates with aniline oxalate (Horrocks, 1949) or silver nitrate according to Trevelyan et al (1950) andBenson et al (1952) or with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (Trevelyan et al, 1950; Wallenfels, 1950), which was employed as by Wallenfels, except that the spraying reagent was a freshly prepared mixture of 1 part of 0.5% triphenyltetrazolium chloride in absolute ethanol and 1 part of 1 n NaOH in 75% ethanol; /;-anisidine hydrochloride was used to detect uronic acids (Hough et al, 1949) and ninhydrin to check for amino acids (Toennies and Kolb, 1951).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross Reactive Human Blood-Group H(O) Specific Polysaccharide from Sassafras albidum and Characterization of Its Hapten^*

Springer¹,

Takahashi²,

Desai³

et al. 1965

Biochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross Reactive Human Blood-Group H(O) Specific Polysaccharide from Sassafras albidum and Characterization of Its Hapten^*

Springer¹,

Takahashi²,

Desai³

et al. 1965

Biochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In the extruded protoplasm, the sedoheptulose and pentose phosphates or free sugars were either not formed or were present in vauishlngly small concentrations. Since evidence is now available that these compounds are involved in the CCh acceptor generation sequence of reactions (6), the present data suggest that the most sensitive site on disruption of the cells affects prlm~rily the "C-2 acceptor" cycles and not primarily the fixation or reduction steps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Their location was determined by treatment with ammonium molybdate spray and ultraviolet light (15). Phosphates were also eluted and treated with a commercial phosphatase, polidase-S, after which the organic moiety of the ester was rechromatographed with known compounds (6).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthesis by Protoplasm Extruded From Chara and Nitella

Tolbert

Zill

1954

Journal of General Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many earlier investigators have attempted to obtain a plant sap or leaf macerate which can utilize light energy for carbon dioxide fixation and reduction. If the cell-free process were like that of the whole plant, it should be able to reduce the CO2 to a carbohydrate level by normal photosynthetic intermediates. A portion of the whole photosynthetic process has been studied in isolated chloroplasts by Hill and Scarisbrick (1), who observed the photochemical formation of reducing energy and oxygen from water. These observations have been extended to biologically important electron transport systems by several investigators (2, 3) who, by using appropriate coupling enzymes, have observed the resultant fixation in low yields of carbon dioxide into the carboxyl groups of malic and citric acids. The latter work has demonstrated the ability of chloroplasts to form minute amounts of reduced pyridine nucleotides, but the reduction of CO~ to sucrose by steps characteristic of the path of carbon in photosynthesis, as elucidated by Calvin's group (4-6), has not been accomplished in a cell-free system. Recently, a cell-free brei from spinach leaf has been reported to be able to fix a small amount of NaHCI~:)3 in the light over and above the dark fixation (7). This fixation both in the light and in the dark was mainly into phosphoglyceric and pyruvic acids and demonstrates an increase of carbon dioxide fixation in low yields into the early photosynthetic intermediates.The ability to reduce CO2 photosynthetically in greater than trace amounts ceases abruptly when plant cells are macerated or otherwise disrupted. Many hypotheses are possible to explain this effect. Among them are dilution of the enzymes of the protoplasm with vacuolar sap, change in pH, and disturbance of the structural arrangement between the enzymes and chloroplasts within the cell. Any one of these possibilities might make it extremely difficult to obtain from a higher plant a cell-free macerate capable of carrying on the complete cycles of CO~ fixation in photosynthesis. Effort to obtain such a cell-free system seems justified, however, so that a more direct biochemical and biophysical investigation of the individual steps of the process can be made.

show abstract

“…1, according to the difference of Δ t G′ m c , the pathways can be divided into two categories. Pathways with larger differences include the CBB cycle, 16 3HP/4HB cycle, 5 and 3HP bicycle, 1 which are found in aerobic and microaerophilic bacteria with sufficient energy supply. Pathways with smaller differences include the rTCA cycle, 2 WL pathway, 3 and 4HB cycle, 4 which are found in anaerobic bacteria with limited energy supply.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Characterization Of Natural Cfpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological carbon fixation: a thermodynamic perspective

Zhao

Zhang

2021

Green Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis

Cited by 123 publications

References 15 publications

Cross Reactive Human Blood-Group H(O) Specific Polysaccharide from Sassafras albidum and Characterization of Its Hapten^*

Cross Reactive Human Blood-Group H(O) Specific Polysaccharide from Sassafras albidum and Characterization of Its Hapten^*

Photosynthesis by Protoplasm Extruded From Chara and Nitella

Biological carbon fixation: a thermodynamic perspective

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis

Cited by 123 publications

References 15 publications

Cross Reactive Human Blood-Group H(O) Specific Polysaccharide from Sassafras albidum and Characterization of Its Hapten*

Cross Reactive Human Blood-Group H(O) Specific Polysaccharide from Sassafras albidum and Characterization of Its Hapten*

Photosynthesis by Protoplasm Extruded From Chara and Nitella

Biological carbon fixation: a thermodynamic perspective

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Cross Reactive Human Blood-Group H(O) Specific Polysaccharide from Sassafras albidum and Characterization of Its Hapten^*

Cross Reactive Human Blood-Group H(O) Specific Polysaccharide from Sassafras albidum and Characterization of Its Hapten^*