The Patagonian Toothfish

Collins, Martin A.; Brickle, Paul; Brown, Judith; Belchier, Mark

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-381015-1.00004-6

Cited by 100 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Coastal and shallow water longline fisheries are exposed to depredation by shallow-diving marine mammals [ 7 ] while the deeper-water demersal longline fisheries are at risk from both shallow and deep diving species especially when catch is exposed during gear retrieval. One fishery receiving such unwanted attentions is the Patagonian toothfish ( Dissostichus eleginoides Notothenidae) longline fishery targeting fish around Southern Ocean seamounts, sub-Antarctic islands and southern South America [ 11 , 12 ]. Sperm whales ( Physeter macrocephalus Physeteridae) and killer whales ( Orcinus orca Delphinidae) are reported to selectively remove toothfish potentially reducing catch rates by up to 30% compared with lines hauled in their absence [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina Linn.) depredate toothfish longlines in the midnight zone

2017

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Humans have devised fishing technologies that compete with marine predators for fish resources world-wide. One such fishery for the Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) has developed interactions with a range of predators, some of which are marine mammals capable of diving to extreme depths for extended periods. A deep-sea camera system deployed within a toothfish fishery operating in the Southern Ocean acquired the first-ever video footage of an extreme-diver, the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina), depredating catch from longlines set at depths in excess of 1000m. The interactions recorded were non-lethal, however independent fisheries observer reports confirm elephant seal-longline interactions can be lethal. The seals behaviour of depredating catch at depth during the line soak-period differs to other surface-breathing species and thus presents a unique challenge to mitigate their by-catch. Deployments of deep-sea cameras on exploratory fishing gear prior to licencing and permit approvals would gather valuable information regarding the nature of interactions between deep diving/dwelling marine species and longline fisheries operating at bathypelagic depths. Furthermore, the positive identification by sex and age class of species interacting with commercial fisheries would assist in formulating management plans and mitigation strategies founded on species-specific life-history strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina Linn.) depredate toothfish longlines in the midnight zone

2017

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“…This depth range largely overlaps with the bathypelagic depth distribution of Patagonian toothfish, making them potentially naturally accessible to killer whales (Arkhipkin et al 2003, Collins et al 2010, Péron et al 2016. Secondly, δ 15 N values of the Crozet killer whales, as a proxy of trophic position, were similar to that of Antarctic Type C killer whales, which are known to feed preferentially on Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni (Krahn et al 2008), a species closely related to the Patagonian toothfish (Collins et al 2010, Hanchet et al 2015. Lastly, the isotopic niche of Crozet killer whales partly overlapped with that of sperm whales from Crozet and Kerguelen, which feed on both Patagonian and Antarctic toothfish both naturally (Yukhov 1972) and through depredation (Janc et al 2018, Labadie et al 2018 in Crozet and Kerguelen waters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study therefore suggests that depredation at Crozet is a facilitated behaviour in response to fisheries making toothfish an aggregated and easily accessible resource that killer whales would otherwise naturally forage on, but at higher energetic costs. By setting their gear at great depths, fisheries may provide killer whales with facilitated access to large toothfish (> 80 cm), which are primarily found in waters > 800 m (Collins et al 2010). This may explain the greater contribution of that prey group to the diet of depredating individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These fisheries provide artificial feeding opportunities for a range of large marine predators through discards (primarily for albatrosses and petrels) and depredation (for odonto cetes) (Tasker et al 2000, Kock 2001, Kock et al 2006. Toothfish are large (0.5−2 m) fish that dominate the biomass of the bathypelagic zone, but may also be found in the meso-and epi-pelagic zones (Collins et al 2010). However, the role of toothfish in subantarctic ecosystems and their importance as a natural prey for predators is unclear (Cherel et al 2000, Constable et al 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of toothfish in the diet of generalist subantarctic killer whales: implications for fisheries interactions

Tixier¹,

Giménez²,

Reisinger³

et al. 2019

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Fisheries may generate new feeding opportunities for marine predators, which switch foraging behaviour to depredation when they feed on fish directly from fishing gear. However, the role of diet in the propensity of individuals to depredate and whether the depredated resource is artificial or part of the natural diet of individuals is often unclear. Using stable isotopes, this study investigated the importance of the commercially exploited Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides in the diet of generalist subantarctic killer whales Orcinus orca depredating this fish at Crozet (45°S, 50°E). The isotopic niche of these killer whales was large and overlapped with that of sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus from the same region, which feed on toothfish both naturally and through depredation. There was no isotopic difference between killer whales that depredated toothfish and those that did not. Isotopic mixing models indicated that prey groups including large/medium sized toothfish and elephant seal Mirounga leonina pups represented ~60% of the diet relative to prey groups including penguins, baleen whales and coastal fish. These results indicate that toothfish are an important natural prey item of Crozet killer whales and that switching to depredation primarily occurs when fisheries facilitate access to that resource. This study suggests that toothfish, as a commercial species, may also have a key role as prey for top predators in subantarctic ecosystems. Therefore, assessing the extent to which predators use that resource naturally or from fisheries is now needed to improve both fish stock management and species conservation strategies.

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“…Under provisioning services we considered the provision of food, reflecting the role of the region for certain types of fisheries such as Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and Patagonian or Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides and Dissostichus mawsoni, respectively) fisheries (Fallon and Stratford, 2003;Collins et al, 2010;Ainley and Pauly, 2014). In addition, the provision of water, of material or products from biota, and mineral resource extraction were included in this category.…”

Section: Selecting and Describing Key Ecosystem Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem Service Supply in the Antarctic Peninsula Region: Evaluating an Expert-Based Assessment Approach and a Novel Seascape Data Model

Neumann

Mikoleit

Bowman

et al. 2019

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The Patagonian Toothfish

Cited by 100 publications

References 102 publications

Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina Linn.) depredate toothfish longlines in the midnight zone

Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina Linn.) depredate toothfish longlines in the midnight zone

Importance of toothfish in the diet of generalist subantarctic killer whales: implications for fisheries interactions

Ecosystem Service Supply in the Antarctic Peninsula Region: Evaluating an Expert-Based Assessment Approach and a Novel Seascape Data Model

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