The Past Suppression of Industry Knowledge of the Toxicity of Benzene to Humans and Potential Bias in Future Benzene Research

Infante, Peter F.

doi:10.1179/oeh.2006.12.3.268

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In some instances these activities have gone as far as efforts to block publication [2]. Recent examples include attempts to influence studies on the toxicity of benzene [29] and diesel particulate matter [30], the various industry efforts over many years to influence the conduct and interpretation of research into the health effects of dioxin [31], the industry campaign to undermine an Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) chromium (VI) standard [32] and corporate infiltration of a panel convened to set standards for chromium (VI) in California [33]. More recently, epidemiology in general, and occupational epidemiology in particular, has been criticised for a inherent tendency to produce false positive findings [34], a view which has been disputed by other epidemiologists including one of the authors (NP) [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data sharing: not as simple as it seems

Pearce

Smith

2011

Environ Health

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In recent years there has been a major change on the part of funders, particularly in North America, so that data sharing is now considered to be the norm rather than the exception. We believe that data sharing is a good idea. However, we also believe that it is inappropriate to prescribe exactly when or how researchers should preserve and share data, since these issues are highly specific to each study, the nature of the data collected, who is requesting it, and what they intend to do with it. The level of ethical concern will vary according to the nature of the information, and the way in which it is collected - analyses of anonymised hospital admission records may carry a quite different ethical burden than analyses of potentially identifiable health information collected directly from the study participants. It is striking that most discussions about data sharing focus almost exclusively on issues of ownership (by the researchers or the funders) and efficiency (on the part of the funders). There is usually little discussion of the ethical issues involved in data sharing, and its implications for the study participants. Obtaining prior informed consent from the participants does not solve this problem, unless the informed consent process makes it completely clear what is being proposed, in which case most study participants would not agree. Thus, the undoubted benefits of data sharing does not remove the obligations and responsibilities that the original investigators hold for the people they invited to participate in the study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data sharing: not as simple as it seems

Pearce

Smith

2011

Environ Health

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“…There have also been questions related to the interpretation of the health effects of benzene (Infante, 2006). These are limited examples of the importance and implications of toxicology evaluation and the need to address conflict of interest issues.…”

Section: Conflict Of Interest/integritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical, Legal, Social and Professional Issues in Toxicology

Gilbert¹,

Eaton

2009

General, Applied and Systems Toxicology

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Toxicologists gather and assess data on the effects of chemicals on human health and the environment. Toxicological data can have significant finical implications as well individual and societal implications. It is thus important for a toxicologist to give careful consideration to values and ethics that underlie scientific research and decision making. The fundamental principles that an ethical toxicologist should consider can be summarized as: (i) dignity, which includes respect for the autonym of human and animal subjects; (ii) veracity, an adherence to transparency and presentation of all the facts so all parties can discover the truth; (iii) justice, which includes an equitable distributions of the costs, hazards, and gains; (iv) integrity, an honest and forthright approach; (v) responsibility, an acknowledgement of responsibility and accountability to all parties involved; and (vi) sustainability, consideration that actions are sustainable over a long period of time. The ethical toxicologist must move beyond adherence to the legal regulatory requirements or best practices and develop a deeper ethical foundation grounded in a consistent philosophy of basic values and principles. This chapter explores various historical and current ethical aspects of issues that professional toxicologists must address.

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“…They constitute the non-volatile fraction of petroleum and thus they are problematic for the refinery system. Their analysis using the powerful tool of Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry was comprehensively described by Klein et al (2006a;2006b). The same method of analysis was used by Stanford et al (2006) for the characterization of vacuum gas oil distillation fractions.…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%