The Past, Present, and Future of Water Conflict and International Security

Kreamer, David K.

doi:10.1111/j.1936-704x.2012.03130.x

Cited by 44 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A large number of past and current studies promote this line of argument (e.g. Hauge and Ellingsen, 1998;Bernauer and Siegfried, 2012;Kreamer, 2012). Using case studies from the Middle East, South Asia and South America, Remans (1995) suggests that competition over scarce fresh water leads to severe social and political tensions.…”

Section: Engaging With the Literature On Water And Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflicts about water in Lake Chad: Are environmental, vulnerability and security issues linked?

Okpara

Stringer

Dougill

et al. 2015

Progress in Development Studies

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This paper builds on the growing literature that explores the relations between environmental change and non-traditional security, defined as non-military threats that challenge the survival and well-being of peoples and states. The Lake Chad basin in Africa is used as a case study for analysis. Focusing on a set of questions that has dominated recent theoretical debates, the paper investigates if conflicts resulting from water scarcity are as much about the broader vulnerability of the Lake Chad region as they are about changes in the Lake system and its environment. It argues that conflict is a probable outcome only in locations that are already challenged by a multitude of other context-specific factors beside resource scarcity. In the Lake Chad context, the likelihood of scarcity-driven conflict depends on whether vulnerability increases or decreases in the face of a declining water supply. The paper provides perspectives for a nuanced understanding of how the receding Lake Chad has led to conflict and outlines an integrated, forward-looking research agenda for linking environmental change, vulnerability and security issues in integrated human-environment systems.

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Section: Engaging With the Literature On Water And Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflicts about water in Lake Chad: Are environmental, vulnerability and security issues linked?

Okpara

Stringer

Dougill

et al. 2015

Progress in Development Studies

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“…Presently, the waters of these rivers, being an essential resource for about 81 million people [1], are used extensively for industry, hydropower, and agriculture. Historically, prolonged droughts and a lack of water security have been major sources of conflict in this water-stressed region [2][3][4][5]. Currently, the water resources of the Near East are reported as highly vulnerable [6,7] with severe water scarcity throughout the year [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Remotely Sensed Lines of Evidence for a Depleting Seasonal Snowpack in the Near East

2019

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The snow-fed river basins of the Near East region are facing an urgent threat in the form of declining water resources. In this study, we analyzed several remote sensing products (optical, passive microwave, and gravimetric) and outputs of a meteorological reanalysis data set to understand the relationship between the terrestrial water storage anomalies and the mountain snowpack. The results from different satellite retrievals show a clear signal of a depletion of both water storage and the seasonal snowpack in four basins in the region. We find a strong reduction in terrestrial water storage over the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observational period, particularly over the higher elevations. Snow-cover duration estimates from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products point towards negative and significant trends up to one month per decade in the current era. These numbers are a clear indicator of the partial disappearance of the seasonal snow-cover in the region which has been projected to occur by the end of the century. The spatial patterns of changes in the snow-cover duration are positively correlated with both GRACE terrestrial water storage decline and peak snow water equivalent (SWE) depletion from the ERA5 reanalysis. Possible drivers of the snowpack depletion are a significant reduction in the snowfall ratio and an earlier snowmelt. A continued depletion of the montane snowpack in the Near East paints a bleak picture for future water availability in this water-stressed region.

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“…But, with the change in lives, opportunities, and thus decision making frames of villagers in the hamlets also gets changed which exert changing pressures on existing practices and agreements (Kovacs et al, 2016). Therefore, water law and accords are not always initially equitable, or can become out dated, therefore revision and amendment of agreements is sometimes necessary and can be very successful (Kreamer, 2012).…”

Section: Institutions To Govern and Manage Water In The Townmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Governance in Rapidly Urbanising Small Town: A Case of Dhulikhel in Nepal

Devkota¹,

Neupane²

2018

Journal of Water Security

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Small towns in the mid-hills of Nepal rely on springs, streams and rivers in surrounding catchments for drinking water. The rapidly growing population in these towns has put increasing stresses on limited water resources. The inverse relationship between supply and demand of water has created challenges to the water security in these towns. In the absence of elected local government, decision making processes, including the management and governance of water at local level were directly affected. There were some unanswered questions – who are the leaders? who sets agendas? How do they formulate and implement strategies and make decisions? This paper aims to analyse the context of water governance in rapidly urbanising small town in Nepal, focusing on actors and institutions. Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focused group discussions and key informant surveys from Dhulikhel municipality and its upstream communities. This paper argues that the local level water governance practices in rapidly urbanising small towns in Nepal are still evolving. During the political transition and vacuumed local jurisdictions, the real decisions to manage and govern water were made in an informal way. The formal course of making decisions by authorised actors and institutions has been curtailed significantly.

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The Past, Present, and Future of Water Conflict and International Security

Cited by 44 publications

References 8 publications

Conflicts about water in Lake Chad: Are environmental, vulnerability and security issues linked?

Conflicts about water in Lake Chad: Are environmental, vulnerability and security issues linked?

Multiple Remotely Sensed Lines of Evidence for a Depleting Seasonal Snowpack in the Near East

Water Governance in Rapidly Urbanising Small Town: A Case of Dhulikhel in Nepal

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