The Past and Present of Pear Protection Against the Pear Psylla, Cacopsylla pyri L.

Civolani, S.

doi:10.5772/28460

Cited by 30 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Our present results indicate a very good effect of cypermethrin both on trees before and after bloom. Pyrethroids, however, are non‐selective, target also beneficial insects and have adverse effects on honeybees (Civolani, ; Palmquist et al ., ; Belien et al ., ). An authorisation provided an application of cypermethrin for phytoplasma vector management seems most reasonable on budding trees at the beginning of insect remigration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cage and field experiments as basis for the development of control strategies against Cacopsylla pruni, the vector of European Stone Fruit Yellows

Paleskić

Bachinger²,

Brader

et al. 2017

Annals of Applied Biology

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The efficacy and the instant effect of 13 insecticides and antifeedants towards Cacopsylla pruni, the vector of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum' were examined in cage studies (no choice experiments with 10 field-collected overwintered adults per experiment) on potted apricot trees (budding trees under outdoor conditions in early spring and foliated seedlings kept at 21 ∘ C). Cypermethrin caused 100% insect mortality within 2-4 h, thiacloprid 90-100% mortality within 24 h both on foliated and on budding trees. On budding trees spinosad led to 70-90% mortality within 24 h, thixotropic white trunk paint to 90% mortality within 48 h. On foliated seedlings flonicamid gave 70-100% mortality within 1 day, abamectin, spinosad, acetamiprid and spirotetramat 70-100% within 72 h. Field studies monitoring the effects of thiacloprid on remigrants of C. pruni by yellow sticky traps were carried out in two apricot orchards. Additionally the influence of the insecticide on insect dispersal was examined by mark, release and recapture trials. As compared to the control thiacloprid significantly reduced the catches of naturally occurring and released insects, decreased the number of trees on which released insects were recaptured (by 25-100%) and shortened the migration distances of the released insects by more than half. Our results suggest that appropriate insecticide treatments both reduce C. pruni populations and have a direct effect on pathogen transmission. Application of Cypermethrin before bloom and thiacloprid after bloom seem best suited to achieve these objectives. Thixotropic white trunk paint could, a formulation for spray application provided, eventually be a sustainable alternative or complement for treatments before bloom. Riedle-Bauer et al., 2012) and transmitted by the plum psyllid Cacopsylla pruni (Scopoli) (Carraro et al., 1998). C. pruni is univoltine and migrates to Prunus spp. at the end of winter/in early spring. On Prunus spp. the insects lay eggs which develop through five immature stages into adults. The new generation adults abandon their Prunus hosts and spend the rest of the year on their overwintering shelter plants (conifers) (Ossiannils-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cage and field experiments as basis for the development of control strategies against Cacopsylla pruni, the vector of European Stone Fruit Yellows

Paleskić

Bachinger²,

Brader

et al. 2017

Annals of Applied Biology

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show abstract

“…Under conditions of high temperature and low humidity, the honeydew may crystallize and entrap the young nymphs (Marshall, 1959;Wilde and Watson, 1962;Madsen et al, 1963). Moreover, large numbers of psylla nymphs may be washed from the pear leaves in areas that receive heavy amounts of rainfall, in fact installation of over-tree sprinklers to provide spring frost protection and summer irrigation recently has become popular in Italy as an alternative for pear psylla control (Civolani, 2012).…”

Section: Effect Of Year Of Observation and Period Of Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presently, the recommended control strategy against C. pyri in Italy is based on integrated pest management (IPM), supported by natural control aimed at balancing the complex biological relationships of the field community (Civolani, 2012). In recent years new pesticides have been developed with generally low toxicity toward beneficial insects and other new control methods for psylla IPM might be available in the future by the discovery of new semiochemicals, as well as the recently identified sex attractant pheromone in C. pyricola winterform males (Guédot et al, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of European pear germplasm to Cacopsylla pyri under Mediterranean climatic conditions

Nin

Ferri

Sacchetti

et al. 2015

Scientia Horticulturae

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“…Control of pear psylla in orchards is based mainly on the use of insecticides (for example, amitraz, abamectin, organophosphates, pyrethroids) (Civolani 2012). However, the insect has developed resistance to a great number of them (Harries and Burts 1965;Buès et al 2003;Civolani et al 2007), while biological control strategies based on the use of natural enemies are not sufficient to prevent the damage (Berrada et al 1995).…”

Section: Communicated By E Dirlewangermentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic mapping of Cacopsylla pyri resistance in an interspecific pear (Pyrus spp.) population

Montanari

Guérif

Ravon

et al. 2015

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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Cacopsylla pyri (pear psylla) is one of the most serious pests of pear (Pyrus spp.) in Europe. It can cause high yield losses, and its control has become difficult since it has developed resistance to a wide range of pesticides. Pear breeders are developing new cultivars resistant to pear psyllids, and Asian species, such as Pyrus ussuriensis and Pyrus × bretschneideri, are good sources of resistance. Antixenosis and antibiosis resistance to psylla were both identified in pear; they may differ in the biological mechanism and probably have different genetic backgrounds. We crossed interspecific P. × bretschneideri × Pyrus communis hybrid PEAR3, resistant to pear psylla, with the susceptible European pear cultivar 'Moonglow' to obtain an F1 population for the genetic mapping of the resistance. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was carried out for antibiosis by measuring the number of surviving nymphs and the nymphal development, using a novel phenotyping protocol and a saturated genetic map made of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and microsatellite (simple sequence repeats (SSR)) markers. A stable QTL was detected on linkage group (LG) 8 of PEAR3 (R 2 =17.2-39.1 %). In addition, QTLs were detected on LG5 (R 2 = 10.8 %) of PEAR3 and on LG15 of 'Moonglow' (R 2 = 13.7 %).

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The Past and Present of Pear Protection Against the Pear Psylla, Cacopsylla pyri L.

Cited by 30 publications

References 20 publications

Cage and field experiments as basis for the development of control strategies against Cacopsylla pruni, the vector of European Stone Fruit Yellows

Cage and field experiments as basis for the development of control strategies against Cacopsylla pruni, the vector of European Stone Fruit Yellows

Susceptibility of European pear germplasm to Cacopsylla pyri under Mediterranean climatic conditions

Genetic mapping of Cacopsylla pyri resistance in an interspecific pear (Pyrus spp.) population

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