The passage of spermatozoa to regional lymph nodes in testicular lymph following vasectomy in rams and boars

Ball, Richard Y.; Setchell, B. P.

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0680145

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Two 0-5 ml values were recorded. In Exps 2, 3 and 4 the lymph nodes were identified by injecting 0-2 ml 10% Evans Blue (Ball & Setchell, 1983) into the footpads of 10 mice which were being killed for other purposes. In Exp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ball, Naylor & Mitchinson (1982) reported large numbers of spermatozoa (as sperm heads) in the para-aortic lymph nodes of a vasectomized man, and referred to similar but unpublished observations in mice. Ball & Setchell (1983), using unilaterally vasectomized rams and boars, found whole spermatozoa in the regional lymph nodes and vessels on the vasectomized side, and in one animal on the normal side. Even during normal spermatogenesis and passage through the male tract there is considerable cell loss (Cooper & Hamilton, 1977;Johnson, Petty & Neaves, 1983); more loss occurs in some oligozoo¬ spermic males (Tucker, 1980;Hillman & Nadijcka, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Vasectomy is a common clinical practice with few unwanted sequelae. Spermatogenesis continues after vasectomy (Lepow & Crozier, 1979;Howards, Flickinger, Noller & Panko, 1979;Flickinger, 1981;Ball & Setchell, 1983), but there has been little investigation of the rate of spermatogenesis or of sperm transport after vasectomy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fate of superfluous sperm products after vasectomy and in the normal male tract of the mouse

Barratt

Cohen

1986

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Summary. The progression of 3H-labelled spermatozoa (thymidine or arginine) was followed through the tracts of unilaterally vasectomized, bilaterally vasectomized, oligozoospermic (t6/tw5) and normal mice; the regional lymph nodes were also investigated. The same rate of sperm production and transport was found in normal and in vasectomized tracts, down to the corpus epididymidis; there was some delay in spermatozoa entering the cauda in the vasectomized tracts. In the mouse, therefore, vasectomy does not affect the rates of sperm production or transport until just before the blockage in the swollen cauda epididymidis. Radioactivity appeared in the caudal and 'paraaortic' lymph nodes as the radioactive spermatozoa passed from the corpus, showing that this is one route of disposal of spermatozoa, or of sperm products, after vasectomy.Naturally oligozoospermic and normal mice gave similar results; again the caudal, iliac and renal lymph nodes received radioactive spermatozoa/sperm products. Some loss of (by definition) superfluous spermatozoa in the normal male tract therefore occurs naturally by this route, and we suggest that vasectomy further exploits this physiological pathway. This would account for the finding that many males do not make antisperm antibodies after vasectomy, just as normal males do not, even though their lymph nodes normally receive spermatozoa/sperm products.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Fate of superfluous sperm products after vasectomy and in the normal male tract of the mouse

Barratt

Cohen

1986

Reproduction

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“…Rapid destruction of the sperm surface and its antigens after local phagocytosis would be one means of preventing autosensitization. If so, sperm autoantibodies might only develop after unphagocytosed spermatozoa reach local lymph nodes (Ball et al, 1982;Ball & Setchell, 1983). The sperm-macrophage interaction, particularly in man, therefore warrants further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also occurs in spermatic granulomata (Glassy & Mostofi, 1956) and in regional lymph nodes after vasectomy in man (Ball, Naylor & Mitchinson, 1982) and domestic animals (Ball & Setchell, 1983). Spermiophagy may be a means of disposing of trapped or extravasated spermatozoa, and of degrading them, thus preventing the development of sperm autoallergy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further observations on spermiophagy by murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro

Ball¹,

Scott²,

Mitchinson³

1984

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Summary. Resident mouse peritoneal macrophages when maintained in cell culture phagocytosed and degraded homologous epididymal spermatozoa. The acrosome and its associated antigens were readily degraded, showing degenerative changes within minutes of spermiophagy and being completely destroyed by 1 h. Other components of the spermatozoon were more resistant and fragments of nuclear material and tail axial filaments could still be recognized within some macrophages up to 7 days after phagocytosis. The findings may be relevant to the disposal of spermatozoa in the genital tract in vivo.

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Early testicular changes after vasectomy and vasovasostomy in Lewis rats

et al. 1990

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The testes of Lewis rats were studied at intervals from 2 weeks to 3 months after bilateral vasectomy, vasectomy followed 1 month later by vasovasostomy, or sham operations. Aims were to determine the nature of early alterations after vasectomy, and to determine whether vasovasostomy after 1 month would result in reversal of vasectomy-induced changes. Approximately one-fourth of the testes in the vasectomy and vasovasostomy groups displayed histological changes, which consisted mainly of depletion of germ cells. The extent of the depletion varied greatly in different seminiferous tubules. In testes altered in this way, no abnormal infiltrations of lymphocytes, macrophages, or other cells were observed in the seminiferous epithelium or in the interstitium. The rete testis and straight tubules were normal in testes with altered seminiferous epithelium. A few testes in the vasectomy and vasovasostomy groups had necrotic centers. The results suggest that depletion of germ cells occurred as a result of shedding from the seminiferous epithelium into the lumen of the tubules. A cellular immune response, such as occurs in experimental allergic orchitis in other species, did not appear to be responsible for the observed loss of germ cells. This suggests a possible role for humoral antibody in this model, since there is an association between testicular changes and serum antisperm antibodies at longer intervals after vasectomy. Testicular alterations were not reversed by performance of a vasovasostomy 1 month after vasectomy.

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The passage of spermatozoa to regional lymph nodes in testicular lymph following vasectomy in rams and boars

Cited by 37 publications

References 18 publications

Fate of superfluous sperm products after vasectomy and in the normal male tract of the mouse

Fate of superfluous sperm products after vasectomy and in the normal male tract of the mouse

Further observations on spermiophagy by murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro

Early testicular changes after vasectomy and vasovasostomy in Lewis rats

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