The particle size-dependent distribution of chemical elements in mixed commercial waste and implications for enhancing SRF quality

Viczek, Sandra Antonia; Khodier, Karim; Kandlbauer, Lisa; Aldrian, Alexia; Redhammer, Günther J.; Tippelt, Gerold; Šarc, Renato

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145343

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A reduction of Cl content from input material to the target fraction (LF II) by 69.9% is observed. This reduction indicates that Cl is mainly present as inorganically bound Cl, for example, in the form of sodium chloride (Viczek et al, 2021), and can be washed off. This is reflected in an increase in the Cl values in the process water samples (Table 4).…”

Section: Analysis Results For Materials Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is reflected in an increase in the Cl values in the process water samples (Table 4). Another explanation is the depletion of organically bound Cl, for example, PVC (Viczek et al, 2021), which is discharged into the HFs due to its increased density (1.2–1.64 g cm - ³) (Koltzenburg et al, 2014). The results for heavy metals and metalloids show that the As content was below the detection limit (2.5 mg kg -1 ) for input and LF II.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wet-mechanical processing of a plastic-rich two-dimensional-fraction from mixed wastes for chemical recycling

Möllnitz

Bauer²,

Schwabl³

et al. 2021

Waste Manag Res

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The recycling of source separated polyolefins (POs) (e.g., light weight packaging waste) is already state of the art. Therefore, further plastic materials contained in mixed wastes have become more important due to increasing legal pressure. Mixed commercial and municipal solid wastes contain large quantities of POs. These mixed wastes would usually be treated in waste incinerators or processed to refuse-derived fuel for cement plants. Large-scale experiments were conducted to assess the potential of such POs from these waste streams for recycling processes. The potential and applicability of a dry-mechanical and subsequently wet-mechanical (Wet-mechanical) processing with the aim of generating a PO concentrate for chemical recycling purposes was assessed. These investigations’ focus was put on the centrifugal force separator technology as the core element of Wet-mechanical processing. In addition to the input material, all output materials and process water streams were chemically and physically characterized to estimate potential treatment or recycling paths. Results demonstrate that a two-stage purification is necessary to produce POs with sufficient purity out of both wastes. Chlorine and heavy metal levels are simultaneously reduced. The increased quantity of impurities only slightly changes the density of the process waters. Process water analyses show that wastewater treatment is necessary before discharge into a receiving water or sewage treatment plant. The sediment does not fulfil any hazard-relevant properties, and different thermal treatment options are possible.

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Section: Analysis Results For Materials Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet-mechanical processing of a plastic-rich two-dimensional-fraction from mixed wastes for chemical recycling

Möllnitz

Bauer²,

Schwabl³

et al. 2021

Waste Manag Res

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“…Pd was overall excluded from the prediction because the chemical analysis found over 90% (cf. Viczek et al 2021b) of the available values to be below L.O.Q., which would not allow a meaningful prediction. To further allow to find a model with good prediction purposes in most cases, outliers of the available element concentrations were removed for the creation of the model.…”

Section: Prediction Models For Element Concentration and Lhvmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The current study focuses on sampling aspects; therefore, analysis results are only briefly summarized to facilitate interpretations of the results. The corresponding concentrations are presented and discussed in detail, focusing on SRF production in Viczek et al (2021b…”

Section: Connection To Part I and Aim Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sampling and analysis of coarsely shredded mixed commercial waste. Part II: particle size-dependent element determination

Viczek

Kandlbauer

Khodier

et al. 2021

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In contemporary waste management, sampling of waste is essential whenever a specific parameter needs to be determined. Although sensor-based continuous analysis methods are being developed and enhanced, many parameters still require conventional analytics. Therefore, sampling procedures that provide representative samples of waste streams and enable sufficiently accurate analysis results are crucial. While Part I estimated the relative sampling variabilities for material classes in a replication experiment, Part II focuses on relative sampling variabilities for 30 chemical elements and the lower heating value of the same samples, i.e., 10 composite samples screened to yield 9 particle size classes (< 5 mm–400 mm). Variabilities < 20% were achieved for 39% of element-particle size class combinations but ranged up to 203.5%. When calculated for the original composite samples, variabilities < 20% were found for 57% of the analysis parameters. High variabilities were observed for elements that are expectedly subject to high constitutional heterogeneity. Besides depending on the element, relative sampling variabilities were found to depend on particle size and the mass of the particle size fraction in the sample. Furthermore, Part I and Part II results were combined, and the correlations between material composition and element concentrations in the particle size classes were interpreted and discussed. For interpretation purposes, log-ratios were calculated from the material compositions. They were used to build a regression model predicting element concentration based on material composition only. In most cases, a prediction accuracy of ± 20% of the expected value was reached, implying that a mathematical relationship exists.

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„ReWaste4.0“ – Abfallwirtschaftliches Kompetenzzentrum am AVAW der Montanuniversität Leoben

Šarc

Pomberger

2021

Österr Wasser- und Abfallw

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ZusammenfassungReWaste4.0 ist ein innovatives und kooperatives K‑Projekt, welches im Zeitraum von 2017–2021 umgesetzt wurde. Mit ReWaste4.0 geschieht ein Wandel der Branche, welche nicht gefährliche gemischte Siedlungs- und Gewerbeabfälle behandelt, hin zu einer Kreislaufwirtschaft, realisiert durch die Erforschung und Anwendung der neuen Ansätze der Industrie 4.0. Die Vision von ReWaste4.0 ist unter anderem die (Weiter‑)Entwicklung von Abfallbehandlungsanlagen für nicht gefährliche Abfälle zu einer „Smart Waste Factory“, in der eine digitale Kommunikation und Vernetzung zwischen Materialqualität und Maschinen- sowie Anlagenleistung erreicht wird. Nach vier Jahren Forschung und Entwicklung wurden verschiedene Ergebnisse erzielt. Der vorliegende „Review“-Beitrag fasst die Ergebnisse (insbesondere aus peer-reviewten Papers) von insgesamt sieben Teilprojekten innerhalb des K‑Projekts zusammen. Erkenntnisse werden verknüpft und deren Relevanz und Bedeutung für die weitere Entwicklung des Abfallbehandlungssektors diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse werden in drei Bereiche eingeteilt: Schadstoffe in gemischten Abfällen und technische Möglichkeiten zu ihrer Reduktion und Entfernung; Sekundärrohstoffe und Energieträger in gemischten Abfällen und Digitalisierung der Abfallcharakterisierung und der Behandlungsprozesse für gemischte Abfälle. Die in ReWaste4.0 durchgeführte Forschung wird in ReWaste F fortgesetzt, um die Entwicklung hin zu einer partikel-, sensor- und datenbasierten Kreislaufwirtschaft im Zeitraum 2021 bis 2025 weiter voranzutreiben.

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The particle size-dependent distribution of chemical elements in mixed commercial waste and implications for enhancing SRF quality

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Wet-mechanical processing of a plastic-rich two-dimensional-fraction from mixed wastes for chemical recycling

Wet-mechanical processing of a plastic-rich two-dimensional-fraction from mixed wastes for chemical recycling

Sampling and analysis of coarsely shredded mixed commercial waste. Part II: particle size-dependent element determination

„ReWaste4.0“ – Abfallwirtschaftliches Kompetenzzentrum am AVAW der Montanuniversität Leoben

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