The Participant-Observer Technique in Small Communities

Kluckhohn, Florence Rockwood

doi:10.1086/218650

Cited by 79 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…The two case studies included a variety of qualitative and quantitative techniques. To understand the students' experiences of mathematics, I observed between 80 and 100 lessons in each school, usually taking the role of a participant observer (Eisenhart, 1988;Kluckhohn, 1940). I interviewed approximately 20 students and 4 teachers each year, analyzed comments elicited from students and teachers about classroom events (Beynon, 1985), gave questionnaires to all the students in my case study year groups (n ≈ 300), and collected an assortment of background documentation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open and Closed Mathematics: Student Experiences and Understandings

Boaler¹

1998

Journal for Research in Mathematics Education

318

148

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This paper reports on 3-year case studies of 2 schools with alternative mathematical teaching approaches. One school used a traditional, textbook approach; the other used open-ended activities at all times. Using various forms of case study data, including observations, questionnaires, interviews, and quantitative assessments, I will show the ways in which the 2 approaches encouraged different forms of knowledge. Students who followed a traditional approach developed a procedural knowledge that was of limited use to them in unfamiliar situations. Students who learned mathematics in an open, project-based environment developed a conceptual understanding that provided them with advantages in a range of assessments and situations. The project students had been "apprenticed" into a system of thinking and using mathematics that helped them in both school and nonschool settings.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open and Closed Mathematics: Student Experiences and Understandings

Boaler¹

1998

Journal for Research in Mathematics Education

318

148

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“…de Wit I eventually developed a set of topics that I would bring up in most interviews. The result was an open-ended conversation guided as much by the interviewee as by myself (for more on this type of interview, see Kluckhohn 1940;Rogers 1945;Bernard 1988;Western 1992;Dunn 2000;Longhurst 2003;Hamersley and Atkinson 2007).…”

Section: Open-ended Interviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interviewing for Sense of Place

Wit

2013

Journal of Cultural Geography

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“…The second approach we took was to become participant-observers in the SPDX working group hosted by the Linux Foundation. Participant observation (Kluckhohn, 1940;Nandhakumar and Jones, 2002;Prasad, 1993;Schein, 1988) means that the authors systematically engaged with the SPDX working group in order to understand and interpret as well as influence what was occurring in the working group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collectivism, creativity, competition, and control in open source software development: reflections on the emergent governance of the SPDX<SUP align="right">®</SUP> working group

Kendall¹,

Kendall²,

Young³

2014

IJISAM

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Abstract:For over a decade, we assumed that software developers had a choice between the cathedral and the bazaar: developers could choose to develop propriety software in a structural hierarchy of planned development, testing, and documentation or in a tumultuous and exciting, quick release open source marketplace. We are finding that these assumptions are no longer valid. Corporate members' participation in open source software development and greater attention to compliance with open source licenses has signalled the need for new metaphors for open source software design and development. In this study, we use participant observation and functional discourse analysis to determine which metaphors are useful and seek evidence for these metaphors in the emergent governance structure of the Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX ® ) working group, which is one of the important players in the future of open source development. We observed three governing structures for the SPDX working group: meritocracy, adhocracy, and family/republic and reflected back to the SPDX working group the need to pay greater attention to their governance structures to help in future strategic decisions. We conclude that open source developers now have a choice among collectivism, creativity, competition, and control. 126M. Germonprez et al.

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The Participant-Observer Technique in Small Communities

Cited by 79 publications

References 0 publications

Open and Closed Mathematics: Student Experiences and Understandings

Open and Closed Mathematics: Student Experiences and Understandings

Interviewing for Sense of Place

Collectivism, creativity, competition, and control in open source software development: reflections on the emergent governance of the SPDX<SUP align="right">®</SUP> working group

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