The parry problem

Judd, Margaret A.

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.005

Cited by 87 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These include one adult male fracture to a right, mid-shaft radius, and two adultus females and one maturus male fractures to distal ulnar diaphyses. Minimally displaced, distal ulnar fractures have been used as indicators of interpersonal violence (i.e., parry fractures), however isolated fractures of the distal ulnar diaphysis can also occur by accidental means (Judd 2008). As the type of these ulnar fractures could not be identified, it is not possible to say if these injuries were accidental or the result of interpersonal violence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, fracture type only permits discussion of the mechanism behind the injury, and does not allow identification of the precise fracture cause. This impedes differentiation between some accidental and intentional traumas as they may both result in similar fracture types; for example, ulnar diaphyseal fractures may be produced during an accidental fall, or by a blow (i.e., parry fracture) (Judd 2008;Judd and Redfern 2012). Finally, barring the application of destructive analyses (e.g., Boer et al 2012) or indirect inference of age from fractures sustained at particular developmental stages (Duchesneau and Fallat 1996;Lovejoy and Heiple 1981;Verlinden and Lewis 2015), it is typically not possible to determine the age at which many healed fractures were sustained, or in the case of multiple fractures, if the injuries occurred simultaneously or resulted from multiple events.…”

Section: Fracture Recording and Radiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gendered Differences in Accidental Trauma to Upper and Lower Limb Bones at Aquincum, Roman Hungary

Gilmour

Gowland

Roberts

et al. 2015

International Journal of Paleopathology

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Additional information:Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractIt is hypothesized that men and women living in the border provinces of the Roman Empire may have encountered different physical dangers associated with variation in their occupations and activities. Limb bone trauma data were used to assess sex-based differences in physical hazards and evidence for fracture healing and treatment. Two hundred and ten skeletons were examined from a late 1 st to early 4 th century AD cemetery at Aquincum (Budapest, Hungary). Upper and lower limb bone fracture types, frequencies, distributions, and associated complications were recorded, and gendered patterns in injury risks were explored. Of the 23 fractures identified, both sexes had injuries indicative of falls; males exhibited the only injuries suggestive of higherenergy and more direct forces. Most fractures were well-healed with few complications. The extremity trauma at Aquincum suggests that people buried here experienced less hazardous physical activities than at other Roman provincial sites. The patterns of trauma indicate that "traditional" gender roles were in place, whereby male civilians participated in more physically dangerous activities than females. Additionally, treatment may have been equally accessible to men and women, but certain fracture types proved more challenging to reduce using the techniques available.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fracture Recording and Radiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered Differences in Accidental Trauma to Upper and Lower Limb Bones at Aquincum, Roman Hungary

Gilmour

Gowland

Roberts

et al. 2015

International Journal of Paleopathology

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“…Thus, reports of definite Monteggia fractures are scarce in the archaeological literature (see Wells, 1964 for an example), and seem in some cases to be mistaken (Fernández Crespo, 2007). Sometimes, anthropological studies only point to the possibility of having found a Monteggia fracture (Grauer and Roberts, 1996;Judd, 2008). In one example of this, Zivanovic (1982) describes an injury in the remains of a Cro-Magnon dated 7738 ± 51 years ago and found in the Padina site of the Iron Gate gorges of the Danube (Romania) which could be a Monteggia fracture, but cannot be properly identified.…”

Section: The Monteggia Fracture-dislocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type I Monteggia fracture-dislocation in a monk from a 17th-18th century necropolis of Valladolid (Spain)

López

Caro

Pardiñas

2011

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This paper reports the study of the osseous remains of an adult male (30-35 years) from a Spanish urban necropolis dating from the pre-industrial age (17th-18th centuries). We have diagnosed the presence of a severe unreduced forearm fracture, which has been classified as a Type I Monteggia fracture in the left arm. Injury occurred by a complete and poorly resolved ulnar fracture in its upper third. As result of this ulna fracture a radial head dislocation also occurred, creating a new articular surface on the humerus. The ulna also underwent two different types of angulation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anatomical changes of the elbow joint bones after a Monteggia fracture, assessing the completeness of functionality on the arm of this man. After the fracture, this individual lived the rest of his life with a permanent dislocation of his radius; therefore, loss of the forearm rotation, cubitus valgus, elbow instability and pain were all present. Movement was limited to an intermediate position or semipronative. A detailed description of the pathology is also accompanied by a discussion of the historical-cultural context in which this man lived and the common diseases of the population to which he belonged.

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“…Traumas related to accidents result in a diffuse distribution of the fractures on the skeleton. Traumas to the cranium, in particular to the nasal area or to the left temple, are often seen as an indication of violence or physical abuse, as are fractures below midshaft of the ulna ("parry-fractures") [Judd 2008]. Because most people are right-handed, violence related fractures are often seen situated on the left side of the skeleton [Mays 1998].…”

Section: High-versus Low-energy Fracturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study correlates a measure of human sexual dimorphism with measures of frequencies, types and the distribution of skeletal traumas. Although the two osteological elements (human sexual dimorphism and fractures) have been studied separately by various scholars [Smith & Jones 1910;Nielsen 1970;McWhirr et al 1982;İşcan & Miller-Shaivitz 1984;Rösing 1990;İşcan et al 1994;Smith 1996;Steyn & İşcan 1997;González-Reimers et al 2000;Judd 2002aJudd ,b, 2004Judd , 2006Judd , 2008Rich et al 2005;Šlaus & Tomičic 2005], the correlation between the two types of data has, to the best of my knowledge, never been studied before, and has a potential which needs to be more widely acknowledged and explored. It is important to note that this study is focused on patterns of daily activity and the distribution of fractures between the two sexes, and not so much on individual cases and distribution of fractures between social classes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does human sexual dimorphism influence fracture frequency, types and distribution?

Nielsen

2011

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Studies of old skeletal remains often indicate a relatively high fracture frequency in ancient communities compared to more recent data, and this higher fracture frequency is assumed to have been more pronounced for women. Central to the interpretation of this difference seems to be an almost unanimous consensus to interpret fractures seen in women as an indication of them having been controlled by beating by their men and thus that these women were socially inferior to men. Consequently, the frequency of fractures contributes to the sociological interpretation of women's status in historic and prehistoric communities.The incentive for embarking on this study was to evaluate alternative explanations of fracture by testing the hypoth- ABSTRACTThis study explores the hypothesis that the pattern of gender inequality in a community influences the frequency, patterns and distribution of fractures. As it is not possible to read gender relations from skeletons, it is -following several research results -assumed that the level of gender inequality is reflected in sexual dimorphism. Thus the study design consists in correlating a measure of sexual dimorphism with measures of frequencies, patterns and distribution of skeletal trauma between the two sexes. Nearly two hundreds individuals from two medieval Danish cemeteries have been examined (43 females/48 males from Jutland and 46 females/49 males from Funen). Sexual dimorphism was assessed by means of measurements on the pelvis and, in accordance with conventional wisdom, the level of sexual dimorphism was found to be lower in the Funen than in the Jutland sample. The fracture frequencies, patterns and distribution were estimated for the two skeletal samples. No significant difference between the fracture frequencies or types on the two sites was found, but the distribution of fractures between the sexes in Ribe was found to be significantly different. The study indicates a level of relationship between human sexual dimorphism, gender roles, and the distribution of fractures between the sexes. Studies of larger samples will help clarify this.

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The parry problem

Cited by 87 publications

References 33 publications

Gendered Differences in Accidental Trauma to Upper and Lower Limb Bones at Aquincum, Roman Hungary

Gendered Differences in Accidental Trauma to Upper and Lower Limb Bones at Aquincum, Roman Hungary

Type I Monteggia fracture-dislocation in a monk from a 17th-18th century necropolis of Valladolid (Spain)

Does human sexual dimorphism influence fracture frequency, types and distribution?

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