The parity-violating energy difference between enantiomeric molecules

Mason, S. F.; Tranter, George E.

doi:10.1080/00268978400102881

Cited by 244 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The theoretically expected values of (using the Z 6 dependence and the results of the British group, refs. [11][12][13][14][15] and the values of the critical parameter x calculated from Eq. 2 also are included.…”

Section: ϫ4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, in the calculations of Rein et al (10) PVED Ϸ10 Ϫ17 kT (kT ϭ 0.025 eV at room temperature) was found for a model molecule (twisted ethylene), but the sign of the effect could not be determined. From the works of Mason, Tranter, and MacDermott (11)(12)(13)(14)(15), we know that the value of PVED is Ϸ1 ϫ 10 Ϫ17 kT for the amino acids, the L-amino acids having the lower energy. New calculations demonstrated that the theoretical value of PVED is highly sensitive to the quality of methods applied.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Demonstration of the parity-violating energy difference between enantiomers

Szabó‐Nagy

Keszthelyi

1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Racemic mixtures of (؉) and (؊) sodium potassium tartrate, tris(1,2-ethanediamine)cobalt(III), and tris(1,2-ethanediamine)iridium(III) molecules were crystallized, and the optical activities of the resulting crystalline materials, dissolved in water, were carefully measured to study the inf luence of the parity-violating energy difference in the crystallization process. Although no effect was found in the case of tartrate, enantiomeric excess appeared in the crystallization of the cobalt and iridium complexes. These investigations, performed in our laboratory, demonstrated the contribution of the parity-violating neutral weak current to the forces acting in molecules.The electromagnetic and weak interactions were unified by Weinberg, Salam, and Glashow in the concept of the electroweak interaction. This work is reviewed in simplified form in ref.1. An important consequence of the unified theory of the electromagnetic and weak interaction is the existence of the weak neutral current that generates parity-violating interactions between electrons and electrons and between electrons and neutrons. Experiments involving elementary particles and atoms confirmed the theory. In enantiomeric molecules, the interaction induces a small difference between the energies of the different enantiomers. The theory was extended to calculations of the parity-violating energy difference (PVED) between the L-and D-amino acids, for example. The main impetus behind these calculations was the hope of explaining the origin of the homochirality of biomolecules, i.e., the phenomenon that living systems contain nearly completely L-amino acids and D-sugars (2). The asymmetry found in the weak neutral current incited the idea of the universal unity of the effects of parity violation in the inanimate and living world (for reviews see refs. 3-5). Other asymmetric forces also were considered as possible causes of homochirality. On the other hand, strong arguments exist that homochirality might have originated by spontaneous processes that appeared in the evolving system of molecules before life existed (6). The questions now are: was homochirality a result of spontaneous processes or of the action of a certain asymmetric physical agent and if the latter, was it the parity-violating weak interaction?In the first approach to estimating PVED, Rein (7) calculated a difference of the order of 10 Ϫ13 eV between the binding energies of L-and D-alanine. According to Gajzágó and Marx (8) an estimate of 10 Ϫ13 eV is rather optimistic for the energy splitting between the mirror molecules. The same order of magnitude was found by Zel'dovich et al. (9). Later, in the calculations of Rein et al. (10) PVED Ϸ10 Ϫ17 kT (kT ϭ 0.025 eV at room temperature) was found for a model molecule (twisted ethylene), but the sign of the effect could not be determined. From the works of Mason, Tranter, and MacDermott (11-15), we know that the value of PVED is Ϸ1 ϫ 10 Ϫ17 kT for the amino acids, the L-amino acids having the lower energy. New calculations demonstrated th...

show abstract

Section: ϫ4mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of the parity-violating energy difference between enantiomers

Szabó‐Nagy

Keszthelyi

1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A year later Hegstrom 83 performed calculations which led him to conclude that chiral selection due to ␤-radiolysis may be a million times larger than that produced by PVEDs, and that "␤-radiolysis is more likely to be the selector of biomolecular chirality than weak neutral currents." In contrast, Mason and Tranter 84 in 1983 undertook ab initio calculations on the PVEDs for several molecules, including alanine. They calculated that the sign and magnitude of the PVED was dependent on the particular conformation adopted by the enantiomer, and that "in the fluid state" the PVED resulted in the stabilization of L-alanine relative to its D-enantiomer.…”

Section: Speculations Calculations and Conclusion Regarding Pvedsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…This crucial requirement was first pointed out by Yamagata 72 in his 1966 suggestion of a PVED between enantiomers, and he thereupon proposed an "Accumulation Principle," operative at each step of polymerization reactions, which would ultimately lead to homochiral bio-polymers. The Accumulation Principle has recently been appraised 106 analytically, however, and found to be incapable of producing a unique homochiral polymer in any realistic polymerization process, and to have been misused and invalid when applied 85 to crystallizations affording enantiomorphic crystals.…”

Section: Amplification Of Pved Effectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Parity violation and the evolution of biomolecular homochirality

Bonner

2000

Chirality

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The calculation of the potential (3) can be carried out in the single-electron approximation writing the system wave function Ψ as the product of single-electron wave functions [11].Then, we further factor each single-electron wave function as the product of its orbital wave function ψ and the spin wave function m [12]. After the summation of spin magnetic quantum number employing the relation of , the expression (3) reduces to the following form,…”

Section: B Chirality Dependent Potential Between a Source Mass And Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chirality-dependent macroscopic force between chiral molecules and achiral matter

Liu

et al. 2008

Physics Letters A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The parity-violating energy difference between enantiomeric molecules

Cited by 244 publications

References 56 publications

Demonstration of the parity-violating energy difference between enantiomers

Demonstration of the parity-violating energy difference between enantiomers

Parity violation and the evolution of biomolecular homochirality

Chirality-dependent macroscopic force between chiral molecules and achiral matter

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About