The PARIS Ocean Altimeter In-Orbit Demonstrator

Martín-Neira, Manuel; D’Addio, Salvatore; Buck, Christopher; Floury, Nicolas; Prieto-Cerdeira, R.

doi:10.1109/tgrs.2010.2092431

Cited by 208 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In a multistatic configuration with many GNSS transmitters, one single receiver can observe multiple reflection points simultaneously, providing a synoptic view of the sea surface. Despite its limited altimetric precision compared to conventional radar altimeters, GNSS-R is a measurement concept for synoptic mesoscale altimetry that has been taken into consideration by the European Space Agency [3,4].…”

Section: Introduction and State Of The Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several GNSS-R signal processing techniques have been proposed, and interferometric GNSS-R (iGNSS-R) [3] is among the most promising for altimetric applications as it yields an enhanced ranging A clock synthesizer board generates the system reference frequency, from which the sampling clock, the local oscillator and the calibration signals are derived. Sixteen replicas of the local oscillator are delivered to all RF front-ends by using a 1:16 passive splitter.…”

Section: Introduction and State Of The Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The description on how to obtain waveforms from the beamformed signals is based on the interferometric approach or iGNSS-R (i.e., direct cross-correlation between direct and reflected signals) [2,3], but other processing approaches, such as the GNSS-R clean-replica e.g., [6], partial interferometry [13] or semi-codeless [14], can be also attempted with the SPIR raw dataset.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Software-Defined GNSS Reflectometry Recording Receiver with Wide-Bandwidth, Multi-Band Capability and Digital Beam-Forming

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In this paper, we present the Software PARIS Interferometric Receiver (SPIR), a high-speed GNSS reflectometry recording receiver which has been designed and implemented with the primary goal of demonstrating the synoptic capabilities of the interferometric technique in GNSS Reflectrometry. Thanks to the use of large bandwidth GNSS signals, this technique is advantageous in comparison to the so-called clean-replica processing, when sea surface altimetric applications are pursued. The SPIR receiver down-converts, samples, and records the GNSS signals acquired by the sixteen elements of two antenna arrays. It can operate at any of the common GNSS L1, L2, or L5 bands. Digital beam-forming and signal processing is performed off-line by its dedicated signal processor, so that the GNSS reflectometry can be applied to different transmitting satellites using the same set of recorded signals. Alternatively, different processing techniques can be compared by applying them to exactly the same signals. This article focuses on the SPIR instrument hardware and software, as well as the remote sensing observables that can be obtained using this equipment.

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Section: Introduction and State Of The Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and State Of The Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Software-Defined GNSS Reflectometry Recording Receiver with Wide-Bandwidth, Multi-Band Capability and Digital Beam-Forming

et al. 2017

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“…These studies consolidate the pioneer results of the United Kingdom Disaster Monitoring Constellation (UK-DMC) and push forward the popularity of GNSS-R in the Remote Sensing community. In the near future several new space-borne missions will include GNSS-R payloads: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (GyGNSS) mission [11], ESA's GNSS rEflectometry, Radio Occultation and Scatterometry experiment on-board the International Space Station (GEROS-ISS) [12], ESA's Passive Reflectometry and Interferometry System In-Orbit Demonstrator (PARIS-IoD) [13], and UPC's 3 Cat-2 6U CubeSat [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Polarimetric GNSS-R Measurements from a Stratospheric Flight over Boreal Forests

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The first-ever dual-frequency multi-constellation Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) polarimetric measurements over boreal forests and lakes from the stratosphere are presented. Data were collected during the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB)/European Space Agency (ESA) sponsored Balloon Experiments for University Students (BEXUS) 19 stratospheric balloon experiment using the P(Y) and C/A ReflectOmeter (PYCARO) instrument operated in closed-loop mode. Maps of the polarimetric ratio for L1 and L2 Global Positioning System (GPS) and GLObal Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), and for E1 Galileo signals are derived from the float phase at 27,000 m height, and the specular points are geolocalized on the Earth's surface. Polarimetric ratio (Γ /Γ ) maps over boreal forests are shown to be in the range 2-16 dB for the different GNSS codes. This result suggests that the scattering is taking place not only over the soil, but over the different forests elements as well. Additionally to the interpretation of the experimental results a theoretical investigation of the different contributions to the total reflectivity over boreal forests is performed using a bistatic scattering model. The simulated cross-(reflected Left Hand Circular Polarization LHCP) and co-polar (reflected Right Hand Circular Polarization RHCP) reflectivities are evaluated for the soil, the canopy, and the canopy-soil interactions for three different biomass densities: 725 trees/ha, 150 trees/ha and 72 trees/ha. For elevation angles larger than the Brewster angle, it is found that the cross-polar OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2015, 7 13121 signal is dominant when just single reflections over the forests are evaluated, while in the case of multiple reflections the co-polar signal becomes the largest one.

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“…GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Earth-reflected signals can be used as sources of opportunity for mesoscale ocean altimetry with improved temporal resolution as compared to traditional monostatic radar altimetry [1]. This relatively novel technology is known as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Results of a Surface-Level GNSS-R Experiment in a Wave Channel

Carreño-Luengo

Camps

2015

Remote Sensing

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Abstract:The scattering of GNSS signals over a water surface is studied when the receiver is at a low height, as in GNSS-R coastal altimetry. The precise determination of the local sea level and wave state from the coast will provide useful altimetry and wave information as "dry" tide and wave gauges. An experiment has been conducted at the Canal d'Investigació i Experimentació Marí tima (CIEM) wave channel for two simulated "sea" states. The GNSS-reflectometer used is the P(Y) and C/A ReflectOmeter (PYCARO) instrument, a closed-loop receiver with delay and Doppler tracking loops that uses the conventional GNSS-R technique for the GPS C/A code. After retracking of the scattered GPS signals, the coherent and incoherent components have been studied. To reproduce the transmitted GPS signals indoors, a Rohde and Schwarz signal generator is used. It is found that, despite the ratio of the coherent and incoherent components being ~1, the coherent component is strong enough that it can be tracked. The coherent component comes from clusters of points on the surface that approximately satisfy the specular reflection conditions ("roughed facet"). The Pearson's linear correlation coefficients of the derived "sea" surface height with the wave gauge data are: 0.78, 0.85 and 0.81 for a SWH = 36 cm and 0.34, 0.74, and 0.72 for a SWH = 64 cm, respectively, for transmitter elevation angles of θ e = 60°, 75° and 86°, respectively. Finally, the rms phase of the received signal before the retracking processing is used to estimate the effective rms surface height of the 'facets', where the waves get scattered. It is found to be between 2.5-and 4.1-times smaller than the theoretical values corresponding to the half of the coherent reflectivity decaying factor.

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The PARIS Ocean Altimeter In-Orbit Demonstrator

Cited by 208 publications

References 26 publications

A Software-Defined GNSS Reflectometry Recording Receiver with Wide-Bandwidth, Multi-Band Capability and Digital Beam-Forming

A Software-Defined GNSS Reflectometry Recording Receiver with Wide-Bandwidth, Multi-Band Capability and Digital Beam-Forming

First Polarimetric GNSS-R Measurements from a Stratospheric Flight over Boreal Forests

Empirical Results of a Surface-Level GNSS-R Experiment in a Wave Channel

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