The parasitic fauna of the European bison (Bison bonasus) (Linnaeus, 1758) and their impact on the conservation. Part 1 The summarising list of parasites noted

Karbowiak, Grzegorz; Demiaszkiewicz, A.W.; Pyziel, Anna M.; Wita, I.; Moskwa, B.; Werszko, Joanna; Bień, Justyna; Goździk, Katarzyna; Lachowicz, J.; Cabaj, W.

doi:10.2478/s11686-014-0252-0

Cited by 39 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Z kolei krąg żywicielski obu gatunków z rodzaju Lipoptena wydaje się dość szeroki i obejmuje jeleniowate (łoś, jeleń szlachetny, jeleń wschodni (sika), daniel, sarna, renifer, maral) i pustorogie (muflon, żubr, bydło domowe, koza i owca) oraz dziki (13,23,27,28,40,42,45,57). Sporadycznie muchówki te były stwierdzane również u ssaków drapieżnych, tj.…”

Section: Biologia I Opis Gatunków Pasożytówunclassified

Biodivesity and importance of hippoboscids infection in cervids

Kowal

Nosal

Kornas

et al. 2016

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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The present paper focuses on three species belonging to the family Hippoboscidae: Hippobosca equina, Lipoptena cervi and L. fortisetosa – haematophagus ectoparasites typical of cervids. In Europe, the forest flies (H. equina) are observed mainly in horses and cattle, but the primary host of this parasite is the red deer (Cervus elaphus). The host group of deer keds Lipoptena sp. include different ruminant species belonging to Cervidae (moose, red deer, sika deer, fallow deer, roe deer and maral) and Bovidae family (mouflon, european bison, cattle, sheep and goat). Furthermore, some species of carnivores (European badger, dog and red fox) can be accidental hosts. The presence of adult hippoboscid flies in the environment shows strong seasonality. One or two generations of H. equina occurs from May to October. The alate forms of univoltine Lipoptena cervi and probably multivoltine L. fortisetosa appear from August to September, and from June to September, respectively. During warm autumns, both species can be observed in late October, or even November. Hippobosca equina and Lipoptena cervi are native species, unlike the foreign L. fortisetosa. This Asian species was noted in Europe for the first time in the 1960s, and has rapidly spread in numerous countries. The most probable way of L. fortisetosa introduction to Europe was translocation via host (probably sika deer), or natural dispersion throughout Eurasia. Therefore L. fortisetosa should be treated as an alien invasive species in Poland and Europe. Interest in these three neglected dipteran species has increased after reports of their veterinary and medical importance. All these parasite species are able to attack humans. Bites of these insects are considered painful, cause skin lesions with the presence of characteristic persistent pruritic papules, and, in extreme cases, may result in an anaphylactic reaction. Hippoboscids can play a role in the transmission of bacterial pathogens, including Anaplasma and Bartonella genera, dangerous for humans and animals. Permanent and intensive attacks on humans, during the seasonal mass occurrence of these parasites, can hinder forestry work, as well as harvesting, recreation, and hunting activities in forested areas.

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Section: Biologia I Opis Gatunków Pasożytówunclassified

Biodivesity and importance of hippoboscids infection in cervids

Kowal

Nosal

Kornas

et al. 2016

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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“…commun.). According to other blood-sucking parasites, hookworms have never been noted in European bison (Karbowiak et al 2014a(Karbowiak et al , 2014b. Although two species of blood-sucking nematodes were recorded in large intestine (Bunostomum trigonocephalum and Trichuris ovis) of bison but in low infection intensity (Demiaszkiewicz et al 2012), so we can assume that the possibility of other haematophagous parasites influencing the observed pattern was not significant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bison have been parasitologically investigated and monitored with different intensity since their reintroduction to the wild in 1952 (Dróżdż 1961). A total of 88 species of parasites have already been discovered in bison, and there is an increasing trend in species richness as well as the prevalence and intensity of infections (Karbowiak et al 2014a(Karbowiak et al , 2014b. Recently, the blood-sucking nematode Ashworthius sidemi (Trichostrongylidae) has been assimilated within the abomasa of European bison.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the blood-sucking nematode Ashworthius sidemi (Trichostrongylidae) cause deterioration of blood parameters in European bison (Bison bonasus)?

et al. 2016

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European bison (Bison bonasus), after extinction in the wild at the beginning of twentieth century, were reintroduced in over 30 free-ranging populations in central and eastern Europe. Major threats to this species include disease and parasites. In the last decades, the highly pathogenic bloodsucking nematode Ashworthius sidemi (Trichostrongylidae) has been found in high infection intensity and prevalence within the abomasa of free-living European bison. We investigated the impact of this invasion on blood parameters associated with the red blood cell system in 64 bison (53 free-living and 11 captive) which were culled in two neighbouring populations in north-eastern Poland between 2008 and 2015. We observed a significant decrease in red blood cell count, haemoglobin and haematocrit relative to the intensity of A. sidemi infection. Furthermore, the same parameters were significantly lower, and the percentage of reticulocytes was increased in highly infected free-living bison compared to captive individuals. Studies indicate the urgent need to change the conservation management of herds because traditional management that includes supplementary feeding causes a large concentration of bison in winter feeding areas. This causes an increase in parasitic load which ultimately impacts on their condition. The reservoir of this parasite in wildlife may also adversely affect livestock grazing on pastures used by bison.

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“…A total of 88 species of parasites have been discovered in 100 years of investigations (Karbowiak et al 2014a, b). There is an increasing trend in parasite species richness as well as the prevalence and intensity of infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of parasite egg shedding by European bison (Bison bonasus) in the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland

et al. 2016

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We investigated the pattern of parasite egg shedding by European bison (Bison bonasus) in the Białowieża Primeval Forest. We found several groups of parasite eggs in bison faeces including Trichostrongylidae, Nematodirus spp., Aonchotheca sp., Trichuris sp. and Moniezia spp. Trichostrongylidae eggs were expelled from bison at the highest percentage (27.8 %) but in low numbers. The prevalence (percentage of faeces with parasite eggs) of other parasites did not exceed 12 %. The number of detected eggs of the parasite species differed: The highest was in Trichuris sp. and Moniezia spp. There were no significant differences in prevalence between male and female bison, with exception of Trichuris sp. whose eggs were more often detected in female faeces. The number of eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces was significantly higher in females for Aonchotheca sp. Parasite prevalence showed seasonal variation and was significantly higher for Trichostrongylidae, Nematodirus spp., Aonchotheca sp. and Moniezia spp. parasites in winter (December-March) compared to the snow-free period (April-November). We observed a 3-14 fold higher prevalence of these parasites in winter compared with the snow-free period. We assumed that factors such as season and bison sex have an influence on the level of excreted eggs. The determination of the factors affecting the rate of parasite egg excretion into the environment is important for the management of wild animals, especially endangered species such as the European bison.

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The parasitic fauna of the European bison (Bison bonasus) (Linnaeus, 1758) and their impact on the conservation. Part 1 The summarising list of parasites noted

Abstract: During the current century, 88 species of parasites have been recorded in Bison bonasus. These are 22 species of protozoa (Trypanosoma wrublewskii, T.

Cited by 39 publications

References 8 publications

Biodivesity and importance of hippoboscids infection in cervids

Biodivesity and importance of hippoboscids infection in cervids

Does the blood-sucking nematode Ashworthius sidemi (Trichostrongylidae) cause deterioration of blood parameters in European bison (Bison bonasus)?

Pattern of parasite egg shedding by European bison (Bison bonasus) in the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland

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