The Parameters Affecting Antimicrobial Efficiency of Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy: A Review and Prospect

Abstract

Antimicrobial blue light (aBL) therapy is a novel non-antibiotic antimicrobial approach which works by generating reactive oxygen species. It has shown excellent antimicrobial ability to various microbial pathogens in many studies. However, due to the variability of aBL parameters (e.g., wavelength, dose), there are differences in the antimicrobial effect across different studies, which makes it difficult to form treatment plans for clinical and industrial application. In this review, we summarize research on aBL from the last six years to provide suggestions for clinical and industrial settings. Furthermore, we discuss the damage mechanism and protection mechanism of aBL therapy, and provide a prospect about valuable research fields related to aBL therapy.

An Approach to Improve Energy Efficiency during Antimicrobial Blue Light Inactivation: Application of Pulse-Width Modulation Dimming to Balance Irradiance and Irradiation Time

“…It can be inferred that the width of the pulses may produce some impact on the organelles. The width of a single pulse was 250 microseconds at and , which may result in some photophysical effects of the aBL [ 53 ], such as powerful photon strikes [ 13 ] and impulsive stimulated Raman scattering [ 54 ]. On the other hand, the influence of frequency on the inactivation effect might be related to the wavelength, irradiance, the species of inactivated microbe, etc., which would produce a synergistic effect.…”

Comparative assessment of UV-C radiation and non-thermal plasma for inactivation of foodborne fungal spores suspension in vitro

“…12 Lately, there has been significant attention focused on various light-based approaches, which have shown their effectiveness in killing microbes, irrespective of their drug resistance, and are regarded as some of the most promising antimicrobial methods. These light-based therapies include treatments that have exhibited strong bactericidal activity in numerous laboratories and real-world studies: antimicrobial blue light 13 (aBL; 400–480 nm), antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation 14 (aPDI; 415 nm), pulsed light 15 (PL; 500–1200 nm), and ultraviolet (UV) light ( e.g. vacuum-UV 16 (100–200 nm), Far-UV 17 (200–230 nm), UV-C (200–280 nm), UV-B (280–320 nm), UV-A (320–400 nm)).…”