The paradoxical situation of the white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Lima, Mendelson; Peres, Carlos A.; Abrahams, Mark I.; Silva, Carlos Antônio da; Costa, Gerlane de Medeiros; Santos, Reginaldo Carvalho dos

doi:10.1016/j.pecon.2018.12.001

Cited by 9 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…When suffering from crop damage, farmers may favor lethal action against the culprit species to prevent further economic losses ( Abrahams, Peres & Costa, 2018 ; Canavelli, Swisher & Branch, 2013 ; Cossios, Ridoutt & Donoso, 2018 ; Lima et al, 2019 ; Linz et al, 2015 ) or to make a compensatory profit ( Scotson, Vannachomchan & Sharp, 2014 ). If a species is vulnerable, such as rare or slowly reproducing species, retaliatory culling may result in local extirpation of the species ( Hockings & McLennan, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such extinctions may have far-reaching effects on the ecosystem if the species is an essential part of the food web or plays important ecological roles, such as seed dispersal, with their disappearance causing cascading effects on the community ( Castillo-López et al, 2017 ). Furthermore, the use of poison to kill crop-damaging vertebrates can have severe consequences not only for the target species ( Lima et al, 2019 ), but also for other animals that may consume them, such as predators or scavengers ( Baudrot et al, 2020 ; Kalaivanan et al, 2011 ), and affect the health of human communities and cause social conflicts ( Rani et al, 2021 ). Thus, there is a need to find alternative, non-lethal crop protection techniques that can effectively protect crops while preserving the consumer vertebrate species that damage them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crop damage by vertebrates in Latin America: current knowledge and potential future management directions

Hermira

Michalski

2022

PeerJ

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Background Crop farming contributes to one of the most extensive land use activities in the world, and cropland areas continue to rise. Many vertebrate species feed on crops, which has caused an increase in human-wildlife conflicts in croplands. Crop-feeding damages the economy of local communities and causes retaliation against the responsible vertebrates in several forms, including lethal practices such as hunting and poisoning. Lethal control may cause the local extirpation of some species, affecting ecological processes and patterns. Therefore, it is necessary to find non-lethal alternatives that can protect both local economies and wildlife. Research has been conducted in Africa and Asia, focusing on elephants and primates, and the effectiveness of some non-lethal alternatives, such as chili-based repellents and beehives, is being investigated. However, there has been very little research on this topic in Central and South America. The goal of this review is to assess the current knowledge on crop damage by vertebrates in Central and South America and indicate future research directions. Survey methodology We reviewed the available scientific literature reporting crop damage by vertebrates in Central and South America, and the Caribbean, published between 1980 and 2020, through systematic searches on Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. We analyzed the temporal and geographical distributions of the studies, the crops and vertebrate species these studies considered, the crop protection techniques used, and their effectiveness. Results We retrieved only 113 studies on crop damage by vertebrates in Latin America, but there was an increasing trend in the number of studies published over time. Most of the studies were conducted in Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, and Costa Rica. Four orders of mammals (Rodentia, Carnivora, Artiodactyla, and Primates) and four orders of birds (Passeriformes, Columbiformes, Psittaciformes, and Anseriformes) were the most common groups of crop-feeding vertebrates. The most prominent crop was corn, which was featured in 49% of the studies. Other notable crops include rice, sorghum, and sugarcane. The most reported method for protecting crops was lethal control through hunting or poisoning. Non-lethal techniques were found to be less prevalent. Less than half of the studies that mentioned the use of protection techniques indicated their effectiveness, and only 10 studies evaluated it by performing scientific experiments and reporting their results. Conclusions Central and South America is still underrepresented in research on vertebrate crop-feeding. There is a need for experimentation-based robust research to find crop protection techniques that minimize harm to vertebrates while effectively reducing damage to crops. While this is being studied, habitat loss and fragmentation need to be halted to prevent the native vertebrates from turning to crops for food.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop damage by vertebrates in Latin America: current knowledge and potential future management directions

Hermira

Michalski

2022

PeerJ

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“…The greater rhea (Rhea americana) is a species described as occurring in the "Neotropical Dry Diagonal" of open savanna landscapes in South America [4][5][6], composed by the Caatinga, Cerrado, Chaco and Pampa [4,6]. Given that those ecosystems are under high rates of destruction [7], and that the surrounding close canopy forests are also being cleared by the expansion of cattle ranching [8,9] leading to the savannization of their faunas [10], the understanding of greater rhea reaction to those drivers is of great interest. For instance, other species associated with open landscapes, such as the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), have expanded their distribution towards the degraded sections of Atlantic Forest and Amazon Forest [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhea americana Distribution: Range Expansion and Introductions of America’s Largest Bird

Miranda¹

2021

Birds - Challenges and Opportunities for Business, Conservation and Research

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Species distribution is a good predictor of several important traits, including threat status. Additionally, species expanding out of their original range can become invasive and this trend must be evaluated objectively. The greater rhea (Rhea americana) is a flightless large-sized avian species that thrives on open landscapes of South America. The species has been affected by the conversion of their savanna habitat into cropland and pastures, as well as benefited from forest conversion into fields at neighboring ecoregions. I propose to evaluate those range expansions, contractions and extirpations, as well as to depict the current species distribution. Here I show that greater rheas have expanded their range out of the “dry lands diagonal” into degraded portions of forested ecosystems—more extensively on the Amazon Forest—while persisting in human-altered landscapes of their historical range. This suggests that the species is faring well regarding conservation, which does not justify its current status at IUCN. Additionally, the potential ecological interactions of the species in newly colonized environments must be investigated. The faunal savanization undergoing in the Neotropics accounts on many new ecological interactions, of which greater rheas are a relevant part. Future actions of management may improve the species conservation profile.

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“…WLPs are highly sensitive to habitat loss and hunting, and as a result have become regionally extinct from much of their historical range (Altrichter et al., 2012; Thornton et al., 2020), resulting in them currently listed as “Vulnerable” by the IUCN Red List (Keuroghlian et al., 2013). Yet, in some agricultural regions, where pastures and soybean/corn plantations are rapidly replacing forest, WLPs seem to be in relatively high abundances (Lima et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, in another isolated area of Central Brazil that is surrounded by corn plantations, WLPs readily use the matrix and have become a local nuisance (de Almeida Jácomo et al., 2013). Finally, in the Brazilian agricultural frontier, at the borders of the Amazonian forest, anecdotal information reports that WLPs come out of the forest to raid the corn crops (Lima et al., 2019). Nevertheless, until now, there has not been a comprehensive and systematic study to address to what extent WLP herds use and cross the matrix in agricultural areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeability of Neotropical agricultural lands to a key native ungulate—Are well‐connected forests important?

Jorge

Bradham

Keuroghlian³

et al. 2020

Biotropica

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Much of what remains of the Earth's tropical forests is embedded within agricultural landscapes, where forest is reduced and fragmented. As native forest ungulates are critical to maintaining forest function, it is imperative to understand how this functional group responds to declines in forest cover and connectivity resulting from agricultural expansion. We addressed this issue by evaluating selection of forest cover and forest connectivity by a key native ungulate of Neotropical forests, the white‐lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari Link 1795, Tayassuidae, Cetartiodactyla), in agricultural landscapes of Brazil. We evaluated selection using compositional analysis at two hierarchical levels, landscape, and home range. From 2013 to 2019, we GPS‐tracked eight white‐lipped peccary herds in Southwest Brazil, resulting in a total of 14,460 GPS locations. We found that herds can live in landscapes with a wide range of forest cover (35%–81% of home ranges covered by native forest), with significant, but not strong, selection at the landscape level (p = .045). Nevertheless, herds strongly select for forest cover within their home ranges (81%–97% of locations within native forest; highly significant selection at the home‐range level: p = .008). As for connectivity, herds significantly select the largest, most connected forest fragments at the landscape level (p = .04), but not at the home‐range level (p = .07). Our results support that Neotropical forests within agricultural landscapes need to be well connected in order to preserve this key native ungulate and maintain long‐term forest function. Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.

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The paradoxical situation of the white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Crop damage by vertebrates in Latin America: current knowledge and potential future management directions

Crop damage by vertebrates in Latin America: current knowledge and potential future management directions

Rhea americana Distribution: Range Expansion and Introductions of America’s Largest Bird

Permeability of Neotropical agricultural lands to a key native ungulate—Are well‐connected forests important?

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