The paradox of poverty in rich ecosystems: impoverishment and development in the <scp>A</scp>mazon of <scp>B</scp>razil and <scp>B</scp>olivia

Ioris, Antônio Augusto Rossotto

doi:10.1111/geoj.12124

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Increased land prices limited the possibility of smaller farmer to buy land and created incentives for migration and frontier settlements, generating further forest conversion and environmental degradation [46]. Production, more and more concentrated in the hands of very large-scale farmers, is also facilitated by biological homogenization (due to the almost exclusive use of GMO soybeans) and the same technological package (large machinery, digital technology and sophisticated agro-chemicals).…”

Section: Mato Grosso: Hotspot Of Brazilian Agro-neoliberalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Politics of Agribusiness and the Business of Sustainability

Ioris

2018

Sustainability

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Abstract:The sustainability and the prospects of contemporary agribusiness are discussed taking into account trends, controversies, ideologies, practices and pending demands. The growing hegemony of agribusiness in the world today is analyzed making use of a conceptual framework of agro-neoliberalism that embraces three main areas of interaction, namely, renewed public-private alliances, novel techno-economic strategies that intensify socio-ecological exploitation and the containment of critical reactions. The critical importance of export-led agribusiness for the Brazilian economy provides a paradigmatic opportunity to apply this conceptual framework and investigate the foundations and geographical specificities of agro-neoliberalism. The article also discusses recent politico-economic adjustments and early signs of the exhaustion of Brazilian agro-neoliberalism, despite its undisputed hegemony. Neoliberal agricultural policies in Brazil have enabled the mobilization of agricultural resources, not for the purpose of domestic food security, but primarily for capital accumulation and the reinforcement of long-term social and economic trends that, ultimately, undermine prospects for sustained agricultural growth and broader sustainable development.

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Section: Mato Grosso: Hotspot Of Brazilian Agro-neoliberalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Politics of Agribusiness and the Business of Sustainability

Ioris

2018

Sustainability

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“…Conservation units and undesignated land host thousands of communities, which-despite improvements over the last decadesare often subject to poverty and related social issues (Guedes et al, 2012;Ioris, 2016). These socioeconomic challenges undermine the capacity of these communities to sustain their livelihoods based on sustainable land-use practices.…”

Section: Concerns Regarding Low Environmental and Social Priorities Havementioning

confidence: 99%

Who owns the Brazilian carbon?

Freitas

Englund

Sparovek

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

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Brazil is one of the major contributors to land-use change emissions, mostly driven by agricultural expansion for food, feed, and bioenergy feedstock. Policies to avoid deforestation related to private commitments, economic incentives, and other support schemes are expected to improve the effectiveness of current command and control mechanisms increasingly. However, until recently, land tenure was unknown for much of the Brazilian territory, which has undermined the governance of native vegetation and challenged support and incentive mechanisms for avoiding deforestation. We assess the total extent of public governance mechanisms protecting aboveground carbon (AGC) stocks. We constructed a land tenure dataset for the entire nation and modeled the effects and uncertainties of major land-use acts on protecting AGC stocks. Roughly 70% of the AGC stock in Brazil is estimated to be under legal protection, and an additional 20% is expected to be protected after areas in the Amazon with currently undesignated land undergo a tenure regularization. About 30% of the AGC stock is on private land, of which roughly two-thirds are protected. The Cerrado, Amazon, and Caatinga biomes hold about 40%, 30%, and 20% of the unprotected AGC, respectively. Effective conservation of protected and unprotected carbon will depend on successful implementation of the Forest Act, and regularization of land tenure in the Amazon. Policy development that prioritizes unprotected AGC stocks is warranted to promote conservation of native vegetation beyond the legal requirements. However, different biomes and land tenure structures may require different policy settings considering local and regional specifics. Finally, the fate of current AGC stocks relies upon effective implementation of command and control mechanisms, considering that unprotected AGC in native vegetation on private land only accounts for 6.5% of the total AGC stock.

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“…The Amazon basin is one of the richest terrestrial biodiversity hotspots, a globally significant carbon sink, a leading supplier of agricultural commodities (Lapola et al, 2014), and home to millions (INE, 2014). The contemporary basin is the product of prolonged socio-natural interactions (Ioris, 2016), with environmental destruction and degradation increasingly commonplace (Foley et al, 2007). This degradation constitutes a threat to biodiversity (Haddad et al, 2015), ecosystem service provision (Brandon, 2014), and climate change mitigation (Harris et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the sustainability and development challenge in agricultural-forest frontiers of the Amazon Basin through the eyes of locals

Ferrer¹,

Manners²,

Varela‐Ortega³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. The Amazon basin is the world’s largest rainforest and the most biologically diverse place on Earth. Despite the critical importance of this region, Amazon forests continue inexorably to be degraded and deforested for various reasons, mainly a consequence of agricultural expansion. The development of novel policy strategies that provide balanced solutions, associating economic growth and environmental protection, is still challenging, largely because the perspective of those most affected- local stakeholders- is often ignored. Participatory Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM) was implemented to examine stakeholder perceptions towards the sustainable development of two agricultural-forest frontier areas in the Bolivian and Brazilian Amazon. A series of development scenarios and a climate change scenario were explored and applied to stakeholder derived FCM. Stakeholders in both regions perceived landscapes of socio-economic impoverishment and environmental degradation driven by governmental and institutional deficiencies. Under such abject conditions, governance and well-integrated social and technological strategies offered socio-economic development, environmental conservation, and resilience to climatic changes. The results suggest the benefits of a new type of thinking for development strategies in the Amazon basin, and that continued application of traditional development policies reduce the resilience of the Amazon to climate change, whilst limiting socio-economic development and environmental conservation.

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The paradox of poverty in rich ecosystems: impoverishment and development in the Amazon of Brazil and Bolivia

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

The Politics of Agribusiness and the Business of Sustainability

The Politics of Agribusiness and the Business of Sustainability

Who owns the Brazilian carbon?

Examining the sustainability and development challenge in agricultural-forest frontiers of the Amazon Basin through the eyes of locals

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